Вариант 5.

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Beware Of Eavesdropping, Windows, Computers and Sockets.

There are various ways of unauthorized access to information. Some of them can include different types of eavesdroppers. The most diverse gadgets often appear in kiosks and newspaper advertisements. It has become possible and quite easy to buy inserts for listening through walls, directed microphones and means for tapping telephone lines. These gadgets help to steal secret information. Strange as it is, they are more accessible now than protection means. Though the sale on these gadgets is restricted in the West, they are easily imported to the East.

As for acoustic information, it has become absolutely unprotectable. There are hundreds of means for mounting a transmitting device. Some telephones, for example, can become excellent transmitters even with the receiver down.

So for the sake of security it is better to communicate through documents and texts.

There are a lot of legends about ‘peeping’ equipment. Not long ago this facility reached the degree of perfection, though purely physical laws limited it. Let’s consider some possible ways of unauthorized access to information.

Questions:

1. Where do the most diverse gadgets appear?

2. Is the sale of these gadgets restricted? Where?

3. What has it become possible and easy to buy?

4. How many means for mounting a transmitting device are there?

5. What way of communication is better according to the author?

6. What type facilities reached the degree of perfection not long ago?

Вариант 6.

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The Future Of Computers.

During the past decade development work for extremely powerful and cost-effective computers has concentrated on new architectures. In place of ‘scalar’ processors, the emphasis has moved towards ‘vector’ and ‘parallel’ processors, commonly referred to as ‘supercomputers’. These machines are now in fairly widespread use in many branches of science.

Computers must still be programmed for every action they take, which is a great limitation. How quickly the programmer can tell it what to do becomes a major drag on computer speeds.

The graphic computer offers the flexible means of communication between man and machine yet developed. For example, the designer can draw a car roof on the screen with his light pen. The computer will do the mathematics required to straighten out the lines and present a draftman’s version of the designer’s idea. The computer will then offer a variety of options to the designer – “front view”, “rear view”, “cross section”, and so on. All the designer needs to do is to touch his light pen to the appropriate choice, and the computer does the rest. Similarly, the designer can circle any part of the drawing on the screen with his pen and request a blow-up – a large-scale drawing of just the part he has circled.

Questions:

1. When has development work for extremely powerful and cost-effective computers concentrated on new architectures?

2. Which machines are now in fairly widespread use in many branches of science?

3. What sort computers offer the flexible means of communication between man and machine?

4. Must computers be still programmed for every action they take?

5. By means of what facility can the designer draw a car roof on the screen?

6. What can the designer request by means of his light pen?