6. Make infinitives (add “to”) or gerunds (add “-ing”) of the verbs in brackets to make the following sentences grammatically correct.

1. When I’m tired, I enjoy ... television. It’s relaxing. (watch) 2. It was a nice day, so we decided ... for a walk. (go) 3. It’s a nice day. Does anyone fancy ... for a walk? (go) 4. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind ... (wait) 5. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford ... out very often. (go) 6. I wish that dog would stop ... It’s driving me mad. (bark) 7. Our neighbour threatened ... the police if we didn’t stop the noise. (call) 8. We were hungry, so I suggested ... dinner early. (have) 9. Hurry up! I don’t want to risk ... the train. (miss) 10. I’m still looking for a job but I hope ... something soon. (find)

7. Complete the following sentences with infinitives (add “to”) or gerunds (add “-ing”) of the verbs below to make them grammatically correct.

1. He tried to avoid ... my question. 2. Could you please stop ... so much noise? 3. I enjoy ... to music. 4. I considered ... for the job but in the end I decided against it. 5. Have you finished ... your hair yet? 6. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ... knocked down. 7. Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on .... 8. I don’t mind you ... the phone as long as you pay for all your calls. 9. Hello! Fancy ... you here! What a surprise! 10. I’ve put off ... the letter so many times. I really must do it today. 11. What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody ... so stupid? 12. Sarah gave up ... to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad.

8. Make infinitives (with or without “to”) or gerunds (add “-ing”) of the verbs in brackets to make the following sentences grammatically correct.

1. She doesn’t allow ... in the house. (smoke) 2. I’ve never been to Iceland but I’d like ... there. (go) 3. I’m in a difficult position. What do you advise me ...? (do) 4. She said the letter was personal and wouldn’t let me ...it. (read) 5. We were kept at the police station for two hours and then we were allowed ... (go) 6. Where would you recommend me ... for my holidays? (go) 7. I wouldn’t recommend ... in that restaurant. The food is awful. (eat) 8. The film was very sad. It made me ... (cry) 9. Carol’s parents always encouraged her ... hard at school. (study)

Verbs of perception + object + ing or the bare infinitive

Verbs of perception (see, notice, look at, watch, feel, hear, listen to) can be followed by the ing form or the bare infinitive. The verb smell can only be followed by the ing form:

The use of the bare infinitive describes the complete action:

I watched her play tennis. (I saw the whole game.)

The use of the ing form describes the action in progress:

/ watched her playing tennis. (I saw the game in progress.)

The ing form after a verb of perception is a present participle. Verb of perception + present participle is more common than verb of perception + bare infinitive. The difference between the use of the present participle and the use of the bare infinitive is often very small:

I always hear the birds singing in the mornings.

1 always hear the birds sing in the mornings.

Note: We use a few other verbs with the present participle: find, discover, catch, leave, keep. These verbs cannot be followed by the bare infinitive:

I found her looking in my desk.

9.Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as one sentence, using the -ing form or a bare infinitive.

Model: I saw you the other day. You were cycling to work. I saw you cycling to work the other day. I heard him early this morning. He left the house. I heard him leave the house early this morning.

1. She stood there and watched him. He drove away.

2. Did you notice me? I was crying

3. I’ve often seen you. You’ve been walking along the beach with your dog.

4. Have you ever heard him? He plays the saxophone.

5. I expect to find you when I get back. You’ll be working hard.

6. Did you hear me? I arrived.

7. I looked at the child and felt very sad. She was smiling up at me.

8. We heard them. They were arguing all night.

9. I can feel my hands. They are shaking.

10. I watched you and then I left. You went to sleep.

11. I can smell smoke. It’s coming in through the windows.

12. He watches me every weekend. I play football.

10. Analyze the following sentences:

1. A compass needle brought close to a long straight iso­lated wire carrying an electric current will tend to align itself at right angles to the plane passing through the axis of the wire and the pivot of the needle. 2. When making theoretical calculations we can, however, imagine a unit charge to be used provided we do not take into account any modification of the field which its presence might cause. 3. Thus we define the amount by which the potential at a given point R exceeds that at another point P as the net amount of work which must be done against the electric force acting on it in order to take a unit positive charge from P to R, it being supposed that the presence of the unit charge does not modify the field.

Part V

Listening