Grammar revision passive voice

Ex.1. Make the following sentences passive.

1. They bring up their twins according to severe traditions. 2. Behavior geneticists use these methods to study heredity's influence on behavior. 3. Robert Plomin argues nonshared environmental experiences produce different personalities for siblings. 4. The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart investigates various aspects of the lives of identical twins and fraternal twins from all over the world. 5. She repeated information often enough. 6. Scientists call child's own unique experiences “nonshared environmental experiences”.

Ex.2. Use adverbs of frequency from the box. Mind the Passive.

Usually, hardly, ever, sometimes, always, often, never.

1. They have … been taught by the same teacher. 2. She could … been recognized by her sister. 3. Twins are … bought similar clothes by their parents. 4. Favorable outcomes have been … provided by early intervention programmes. 5. Have you … heard that shared environmental experiences are influenced by parents' personalities? 6. The experiments are … conducted in the laboratory of our university. 7. The relative importance of these three forms of interaction is … seen.

Ex.3. Make the following sentences passive in English.

1. Основные положения исследования близнецов были определены американскими учеными. 2. Четыре критических статьи о Миннесотском исследовании близнецов было напечатано в этом журнале. 3. Эволюционное развитие человека объясняется существованием естественного отбора. 4. Ребенок был усыновлен. 5. Можно ли использовать похожесть близнецов в образовательном процессе?

Ex.4. Choose the proper variant when translating the sentences.

1. Близнецов отдали в школу в пятилетнем возрасте.

a) The twins were taken to school when they were 5.

b) They took the twins to school when they were 5.

2. Похожесть близнецов проявляется в том, что они выбирают одни и те же вещи.

a) The similarity of twins shows that they choose the same things.

b) The similarity of twins is manifested in the same things they choose.

3. Она родила сына во время войны.

a) She bore a son at the period of the war.

b) She was born a son at the period of the war.

Ex.5. A new experiment on memory has been carried out in the laboratory lately. Find out everything about it. Report what is being done; what has been done (group work). Use the following words and word combinations:

Data – obtained; results – processed/verified; facts – confirmed; hypothesis – proved; the details – published; the desired level of accuracy – achieved; subjects – tested. [2]

Chapter 4 prenatal development and birth

This chapter describes the issues of pregnancy and child birth. Couples expecting their first child spend much time preparing for the birth and face many difficult questions.

But before reading try to do the following:

a) answer and discuss the following questions:

1. What are the medical, ethical, psychological, and personal aspects of the decision to have a baby?

2. What are the medical, ethical, psychological, and personal aspects of the decision to have an abortion?

3. What are the risks that can influence prenatal development? (radiation, toxic wastes, etc.)

b) explain the term “expecting couple” [ık'spektıŋ 'kΛpl] (пара, ожидающая ребенка) in English.

c) find synonyms and antonyms to:

arise, important, disease.

d) guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations without using the dictionary:

Prenatal, embryological, individuals, teratology, teratogen, organogenesis, barrier, syphilis, emotional, stress, stressful, radiation, saunas, electromagnetic radiation, strategies, standard, critics, process, procedure, profile, physically, psychologically, physical, sexual, effectiveness, results, national, aspects, , spontaneous, sexuality.

e) do the following phonetic exercises:

Ex.1. Transcribe and pronounce the words given below.

Fetal, germinal, mature, survive, womb.

Ex.2. Read the following clusters with assimilation.

Includes the; investigates the; cross the; believed to; in the.

Ex.3. Pronounce the words from the text containing the sound [w] correctly.

When, womb, unwanted, woman, wastes, where, which, what, will, weeks, between, low-birthweight, women.

Ex.4. Pronounce the words from the text containing the sound [r].

Miscarriages, pregnancy, regardless, greatest, cross, rubella, nutrition, from, parents, responsible, separated, treated, prepared, remain, arise, approach, increasingly, children preterm, different, uterus, returns, prepregnant, consideration, resume, recent, relationship, reflected, pregnant, nutrition, rest, breast.

Ex.5. Pronounce the words from the text containing the nasal sound [ŋ].

Expecting, preparing, developing, giving, during, making, teaching, taking, sibling, childbearing, strength, bonding, learning, reassuring, feeding.

Ex.6. Pronounce the words from the text containing the voiced sound [ð].

Their, that, the, mother's, this, than, fathers.

Ex.7. Pronounce the words from the text containing the voiceless sound [Ө].

Birth, childbirth, method, both, strength, health

Ex.8. Pronounce the words from the text containing the sound [v].

Development, survive, video, resolved, investigates, have, believed, involved, various, environmental, delivery, involves, involution, recover, development, cover, provides.

TEXT

Scan through the text making use of the active terminological vocabulary.