Liverpool-Manchester Railway

Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the words and phrases:

considerably, objective, quandary, extraordinary, designer, award, trial, require, weigh, weight, cylinder, failure, consume, initial, compete, competitor, judge, declare, tour, banquet, return, would, unfortunately, event, procession, during, despite, rapid, deliver, regular, junction, stimulate;

raw materials, textile industry, double-track standard-gauge mainline, nine-arch viaduct, stationary engine, guests of honor, crowds of spectators, tragic accident.

Ex. 2. Practice the reading of the following proper names.

• Liverpool ['lɪvǝpu:l] – Ливерпуль

• Manchester ['mænʧɪstə] – Манчестер

• Hackworth ['hækwɜ׃θ] – Хэкворт

• Braithwaite ['breɪθweɪt] – Брэйтвэйт

• Duke of Wellington ['welɪŋtǝn] – герцог Веллингтон

Ex. 3. Copy the following words and phrases and memorize their meanings.

accident – происшествие, несчастный случай, авария, крушение according to – в соответствии с, согласно; по (чьим-л.) словам to consume – потреблять, расходовать consumption – потребление consumer – потребитель, клиент, заказчик to cross – пересекать cost – стоимость costs – расходы, издержки to deliver – доставлять, поставлять delivery – доставка, поставка despite – несмотря на engine – двигатель; локомотив event – событие; мероприятие junction – железнодорожный узел, узловая станция main – главный, основной profit – прибыль, доход profitable – выгодный, рентабельный to reduce – сокращать, уменьшать reduction – сокращение, уменьшение to require – требовать requirement – требование to meet requirements – отвечать требованиям

Ex. 4. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. All the freight cars can be divided into two main groups: general-purpose (универсальные) cars and special-purpose cars.

2. Delivery of the new cars is planned to begin in May, with passenger service to begin in July.

3. On the first railways, accidents happened very often because the trains couldn’t stop quickly due to the limited brake power.

4. Trains can travel at a very high speed but they are heavy, can’t deviate (отклоняться) from the track and require a great distance to stop.

5. All types of locomotives are to meet а number of technical and economic requirements.

6. The city of Crewe is one of the busiest junctions in England; many railway lines pass through it.

7. The Lieutenant Schmidt bridge was the first permanent bridge to cross the Neva.

8. New models of lightweight rail cars consuming 50% less power than old models have been put into service on the Japanese Railways.

9. In 1816, Richard Trevithick, British designer of the first steam locomotive, went to South America to deliver engines to Peruvian silver mines, hoping to become wealthy but returned to England in 1827 penniless (без гроша в кармане).

10. An impact-resistant windscreen will reduce the risk of injury to the engine-driver in case of any accident.

11. Any increase in the cost of transporting goods will be passed on to the consumer.

12. Fifteen 1,800 hp diesel-electric locos produced by the Hungarian plants are to be delivered to the Brazilian Railways later this year.

13. The construction of the first tunnels required much time, effort and money because there was no special equipment for it and only manual labor was used.

14. The invention of the steam engine is among the most important events in the history of mankind.

Ex. 5. Complete each group of sentences with one word from exercise 3. Mind your grammar!

1. We aim to increase our ___ by at least 5% every year. For the first time, the company’s annual ___ were over $1 million.

2. All the students were asked to assemble in the ___ hall. I’ll meet you outside the ___ entrance of the railway station. For many years, there were two ___ gauges in England: the 7 feet proposed by Brunel and 4 feet 8 ½ in. offered by Stephenson.

3. Meeting Professor Kearney was an ___, which changed my life. Your essay was quite good, but you omitted several important dates and ___. The ___ was organized jointly by students and staff.

4. Everything went ___ the plan, and we arrived on time. ___ regulations, students are required to attend at least 90% of the lectures. The company specializes in office furniture, ___ owner Sandy Norby. ___ the new project, the railway will be extended as far as the seaport.

5. ___ all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it. The train departure was not delayed ___ the accident. ___ the traffic lights ahead, the car continued moving at the same speed.

6. In the almost 40 years since it opened, the high-speed Shinkansen network (Japan) has carried over 6 billion passengers without a single serious ___. One of Britain’s worst rail ___ happened at Clapham junction. Over 70,000 people are killed or seriously injured every year in road ___.

7. The equipment will be safely ___ in containers from door-to-door. Unfortunately the package was ___ to the wrong address.

8. A smaller vehicle will ___ less fuel. Industrialized countries ___ natural resources in huge quantities.

9. The new bridge should ___ traveling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes. The new road will ___ traffic through the town by 30%.

10. In the 19^th century, the railway tunnels were made as small as possible to reduce construction ___. After World War II, diesel power replaced steam because of its higher efficiency and lower ___. The ___ of carrying freight by rail has greatly increased in recent years.

Ex. 6. In English many words can be both nouns and verbs. For example: design – проект, конструкция → to design – проектировать, конструировать. Guess the meaning of the following verbs.

cost – стоимость → to cost

tránsport – транспорт → to transpórt

return – возвращение → to return

timetable – расписание, график → to timetable

load – нагрузка → to load

weight – вес, масса → to weight

test – испытание → to test

award – награда, приз → to award

ride – поездка → to ride

Ex. 7. Match the words and phrases in column A with their equivalents in column B.

A	B
o bjective	prize
considerably	to select
extraordinary	aim, purpose
guests of honor	ride, trip, journey
rapidly	test
trial	to get, to obtain
at first	unusual
tour	to gather
official opening	importance
worth	visiting dignitaries
to return	audience
spectators	initially
path	greatly, very much
to assemble	inauguration
award	to come back
to receive	fast, quickly
to choose	way

Ex. 8. Replace the italicized words with their equivalents and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. They returned to their hotel, packed their bags, and left for Penn Station to catch a train for Washington.

2. The modern railway track is not greatly different from that used a hundred years ago.

3. It is unusual to see snow in this region.

4. The most prestigious awards given for journalism are presented annually by Columbia University.

5. Electric locos can accelerate more rapidly than steam or diesel ones.

6. Her purpose is to find a company willing to donate money for research.

7. The Tokyo and Ōsaka railway was constructed in 1965 and by 1968, 60 trains made 160 trips each day over various distances on the 515-km route at speeds of 217 km/h.

8. The results of high-speed trains’ tests were positive especially those obtained by the French engineers.

9. More than 4,000 local officials, guests of honor and citizens from across the region gathered in temperatures of over +37°C to witness the official opening of the first section of the light rail (наземное метро) in Dallas.

10. The cigarette ban will be most troublesome for smokers on long train tours.

11. Russian engineers have considerably improved the passenger car heating and lighting systems.

12. As many as 25,000 people assembled in San Cristobal (Mexico) to see off the caravan.

13. Initially, the new engine worked well but then there appeared a strange noise and it failed.

14. The railroad’s importance in the US began to reduce from the early 20^th century but in Europe, Asia and Africa it continues to provide vital transportation links within and between countries.

15. During the trial run, the steam locomotive produced by Peter Cooper raced against a coach pulled by a horse.

16. The first World Locomotive Exhibition was held in Vienna in 1873 and a Hungarian locomotive received the Grand Prix.

Ex. 9. Read the sentences, replacing the Russian words with their English equivalents. Use all the synonyms you know.

1. The использование of aluminum as the construction material for rail car building значительно уменьшать their weight.

2. When did she возвращаться home from the поездка?

3. All new Russian locomotives undergo испытания on a special 6-km railway track at Shcherbinka.

4. He was unable to come to the ceremony, but he sent his son to получать награду in his place.

5. They achieved their цель of increasing доходы by five percent.

6. The торжественное открытие of the high-speed Tōkaidō line, serving industrial centers on the east coast of the главный Japanese island of Honshū took place in 1965.

7. Railways are used for both short and long поездка, for commuting to work each day, and for transporting грузы.

8. Сначала, coal gas was used as fuel for diesel engines.

9. The use of multi-cylinder engines значительно increased the speed of cars.

10. A round-trip ticket is a ticket that allows you to go somewhere and to вернуться to where you started.

Ex. 10. (A) From the box given below choose the words and phrases, which are similar in meaning to:

заявлять, междугородная пассажирская железная дорога, конкурировать, дым, магистраль (основная линия), участник соревнований (конкурент), проводить соревнование, конкуренция, стационарный двигатель, двухпутный, сырьевой материал (сырьё), готовые изделия.

to compete stationary engine double-track mainline competitor smoke to hold a competition to declare raw material inter-city passenger railway finished goods competition

(B) Read the sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. The Moscow Metro can compete with the underground railways in any of the European capitals in level of automation.

2. In 1763, James Watt designed the stationary steam engine and George Stephenson was one of the first who put a steam engine on wheels.

3. We have had problems with the supply of raw materials to the factory.

4. To win in the competition with air transport, the efficiency and quality of freight and passenger services must be improved.

5. Cuba has many railroads for its size, including regular intercity passenger and freight lines as well as industrial railways and seasonal lines used for sugarcane (сахарный тростник) production.

6. In the early days, the Metro trains were driven by steam locomotives, which burnt coal, filling the tunnels with smoke. It is said that the train staff and porters asked for a permission to grow beards and moustaches – as an early form of smoke mask.

7. Double-track railways are more convenient than single-track lines because the train doesn’t have to wait for the oncoming (встречный) train to pass.

8. Expenditure on the project is divided as follows: wages $10m, plant $4m, raw materials $5m.

9. Today intercity passenger railroads unite many Massachusetts cities, as well as provide connections to major urban centers in other states.

10. One of the fastest and most practical ways of carrying finished goods from door to door is a container.

11. The so-called Rainhills Trials was an extraordinary locomotive competition held in October 1829 in Rainhill (England). The aim of this competition was to choose the best steam engine for the nearly completed Liverpool and Manchester Railway.

12. On November 17, 1897, during the inauguration of the Moscow and Yaroslavl mainline, a large section of the track sank in bog (болото). After this accident the railway was closed for several months so that soil could be stabilized.

13. The locomotive-building company Talgo has declared that it will be able to build new 300 km/h electric trains.

Ex. 11. Read the text and translate it into Russian.