3. Attribute (определение)

1. The new tunnel to be constructed here will be the longest one in the country.

2. Containers to be used for the transportation of dangerous articles must be carefully tested.

3. Tank cars to be filled with milk will be put in the middle of the train.

4. The drawbridge to be repaired does not meet the modern traffic requirements.

5. New passenger cars to be introduced by the end of the year will be equipped with an up-to-date system of air-conditioning.

6. New York was the second city in the world to build the subway.

7. Designed by Peter Cooper in 1830, the Tom Thumb was the first American-built steam locomotive to be operated on a public railroad.

8. The Baltimore & Ohio was the first railroad in the U.S. to offer passenger service in 1830.

4. Adverbial modifier (обстоятельство)

4. An unusual loco built for running on ice has been developed in Great Britain in 1860 and sent to Russia to carry freight оn sledges across frozen lakes.

5. Since the beginning of the 1990s, new high-speed railway lines in Spain have been built to standard gauge to allow these mainlines to link to the European high-speed network.

6. To control the operation of trains moving in different directions and at different speeds, railroads have developed complex systems of communications and signaling.

7. The first self-propelled vehicle had to stop every 100 yards to make more steam, because the supply of steam lasted only 15 minutes.

8. To maintain the required temperature when transporting perishable (скоропортящийся) goods, the refrigerator car is equipped with refrigerating-heating system.

9. The train was too heavy to be hauled by one locomotive.

10. The Tacoma Bridge collapsed because its structure was not strong enough to withstand (выдерживать) the wind of 42 miles per hour.

Ex. 5. State the syntactic function of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1. It is impossible to stop quickly the train running at a such high speed.

2. In the 1980s, the major western European countries began to develop high-speed passenger systems to compete with air travel.

3. One of the problems to be solved by State Railway of Thailand is to improve passenger service through modernizing its wagon fleet.

4. The Moscow-Yaroslavl railway was the first mainline in Russia to be built without foreign investments.

5. To produce strong concrete for ties, it is necessary to use а minimum of water.

6. In planning a railway route, the main factors to be taken into account (принимать во внимание, учитывать) are the cost of constructing a line, the cost of operating it and the probable volume of traffic.

7. Decommissioned (списанные) locos are sometimes used to heat passenger cars and defrost railroad switches in winter.

8. The new instruments to be introduced on the substations will increase the reliability of the electric machines and other apparatus.

9. A design office in St. Petersburg was the first in the world to develop the super-long escalators.

10. Besides the public railways, there are many industrial railways in Russia. For example, a lumber (лесоматериалы, пиломатериалы) company uses its private industrial railway to transport logs from a forest to its sawmill.

Ex. 6. Complete the sentences with a required Infinitive from the box below.

to be built to be developed to be delivered to be solved to carry to control to depart to introduce to investigate to modernize to provide to repair to stand to use

1. The task of the workers was ___ the damaged car as soon as possible.

2. Japan was the first country ___ the system of automatic ticket selling.

3. A special commission was set up ___ the details and causes of the freight train derailment.

4. It is dangerous ___ on the step of a moving train.

5. The dispatcher’s job is ___ the movement of trains on the definite section of the track.

6. The railway already had three Hunslet-built diesel locomotives with a fourth ___ shortly.

7. The train ___ from track 4 in five minutes will be the train to Moscow.

8. In Hong Kong, the trains carrying passengers to and from the airport are equipped with TV sets ___ information on flights, news, tourist information, and weather forecast.

9. The new branches of industry ___ in this part of the country are metallurgy and radio engineering.

10. ___ the track, traditional timber ties are replaced by concrete ones.

11. The most difficult problem ___ by a survey party is to find a suitable strip of land for building a railway.

12. ___ bulk materials (насыпные грузы) that must be protected against weather, railroads use covered hopper cars.

13. ___ steel rails instead of wooden ones was a great step forward.

14. New passenger cars ___ by the Alstom company next year will be equipped with a new system of air-conditioning.

Ex. 7. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Мост, который предстоит реконструировать, был возведён в 18-м веке.

2. Основная проблема заключалась в том, чтобы найти необходимое оборудование для эксперимента.

3. Джордж Пульман не только изобрёл спальный вагон, он первым спроектировал и построил вагон ресторан.

4. Двигатель, который будет установлен в этой машине, очень мощный.

5. Железные дороги должны увеличивать скорость перевозок, чтобы конкурировать с воздушным и автомобильным транспортом.

6. Много пассажиров ожидают поезд, которой должен прибыть на станцию с минуты на минуту (any minute).

7. Очень трудно завести (to start) двигатель в такую холодную погоду.

8. У него был небольшой багаж, который следовало упаковать.

9. Цель реконструкции этой железной дороги состоит в том, чтобы увеличить скорость движения поездов до 240 километров в час.

10. Для того чтобы добраться до Нового Орлеана (New Orleans), нам придётся сделать пересадку в Бирмингеме (Birmingham).

11. Новые вагоны, которые будут пущены в эксплуатацию в следующем году, состоят из 10 двухместных (two-berth) купе.

12. Для того чтобы защитить деревянные шпалы от разрушения, они пропитываются креозотом.

Ex. 8. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the Complex Subject.

Model: This bus is supposed to connect with the train. – Предполагается, что этот автобус приходит на вокзал как раз к прибытию поезда.

1. Train fares are said to be raised by 7 % in summer.

2. The French train “Aquitaine” was reported to cover the 580 km distance from Paris to Bordeaux non-stop in 4 hours.

3. The U.S. is known to have a number of the world’s longest freight trains, some stretching for miles in length.

4. Passenger traffic on Vietnam Railways is expected to grow by 5-9 % a year and freight traffic by 15 %.

5. All passengers are sure to enjoy riding on a new high-speed train.

6. Proposals to link Moscow with the European high-speed network through Warsaw, Poland are likely to remain proposals because of a lack of funds.

7. When container cars were first introduced, they were thought to be used only for carrying valuable goods.

8. The share of railway transport in carrying freight and passengers is unlikely to be reduced in the near future.

9. At a large railway terminal, there are so many tracks that trains seem to be arriving or departing every minute.

10. In 1829, two locomotives were imported from England to the U.S., but they were found to be too heavy for the existing tracks.

11. The new high speed line is expected to have 100 trains daily in each direction operating at a 5 minute headway.

12. November 6, 1924 is considered to be the birthday of the first mainline diesel-electric locomotive in Russia.

13. In the United Kingdom, a train hauled by two locomotives is said to be "double-headed".

14. The Pendolino trains are reported to be introduced on this section of the mainline early next year.

15. Rock ballast appears to be the most suitable for lines with heavy gradients and steep curves.

Ex. 9. Make up sentences, using the Complex Subjects.

Model: The new high-speed line will be opened for traffic next year. (to report) →

The new high speed line is reported to be opened for traffic next year.

1. The train timetable is compiled for a long period, generally for six months. (to know)

2. You will miss the train unless you hurry. (to be certain)

3. The electric locomotive’s service life is about 30 years. (to suppose)

4. She has left her umbrella on the train. (to be likely)

5. The St. Petersburg underground system will have 2 more lines in the next decade. (to plan)

6. Japan will provide technological aid for the development of a high-speed train to run between Beijing and Shanghai. (to expect)

7. The Chinese and Japanese governments have signed an agreement to cooperate on the construction of railways and railway equipment in China. (to report)

8. The railways will serve man’s civilizations for many years to come. (to believe)

9. The introduction of new high-speed trains will reduce journey time on this mainline. (to be sure)

10. Wear and tear of rolling stock will be reduced if longer rails are used. (to suppose)

Ex. 10. Translate the sentences from Russian to English.

1. Ожидалось, что результаты эксперимента будут опубликованы в журнале.

2. Вы, случайно, не знаете, почему поезд опаздывает?

3. Говорят, что груз был задержан (to hold up) на таможне.

4. Судя по всему, этот участок пути скоро будет открыт для движения.

5. Сообщили, что новая железнодорожная линия будет на 40 км короче, чем старая.

6. Я случайно встретил своего школьного друга на станции.

7. Ты непременно опоздаешь на поезд, если не (unless) поторопишься.

8. Вероятно, она забыла зонтик в поезде.

9. Стальные вагоны, несомненно, более безопасные и надёжные, чем деревянные.

10. Вряд ли секретарь поможет вам. Он сейчас занят.

11. Полагают, что эта железная дорога откроет новые возможности (opportunities) для международного сотрудничества.

12. Известно, что локомотив VL80 спроектирован для тяги поездов массой до 4,500 тонн на участках пути с крутыми уклонами.

Ex. 11. Translate the sentenceб paying attention to the Complex Object.

Model: We expect more than 150 famous scientists to participate in the conference. – Мы ожидаем, что более 150 известных учёных примут участие в конференции.

1. We know Rio de Janeiro to have become the second Brazilian city constructing the Metro.

2. Most specialists consider all the trains of the future to be operated by automatic drivers.

3. A lot of people saw the accident take place at the level crossing.

4. Engineers expect automatic engine drivers to be followed by more advanced automatic control systems.

5. The road master ordered the track to be repaired as soon as possible.

6. The chief engineer supposes repairs of the damaged braking system to take several days.

7. People believed James Watt to be the inventor of the first steam engine because the work of Polzunov remained unknown for more than a century.

8. High-speed traffic requires the permanent way (верхнее строение пути) to be excellently maintained.

9. A taxi driver refused to take a check; he wanted the passenger to pay in cash.

10. The railway administration expects the number of passenger to be reduced because of a considerable increase in train fares.

11. In Britain, students and pensioners can buy railcards. These cards allow them to buy train tickets at a reduced price for a period of one year.

12. Modern machinery enables a small group of workers to maintain a long section of railroad track.

13. Russia’s railways minister has said he wants the entire 957km rail network on the island of Sakhalin to be rebuilt and converted from 1067mm gauge track to 1520mm gauge to bring it into line with the rest of the Russian rail network on the mainland.

Ex. 12. Make up sentences, using the Complex Object.

Model: to have worked, him, for 20 years, know, I, as an engine-driver. →

I know him to have worked as an engine-driver for 20 years.

1. the number of workers, us, to minimize, the use of the new equipment, enabled.

2. to put off, him, we, the discussion of this project, didn’t expect.

3. their discovery, great changes, to produce, the engineers, in the field of electronics, consider.

4. watch, from the station, the new train, many people, start.

5. his luggage to the compartment, wanted, the passenger, a porter, to carry.

6. the train, the use of the air brake, rather quickly, to stop, causes.

7. wants, the amount of freight, the government, to increase, carried by rail.

8. you, to be late, the meeting, wouldn't like, for, I.

9. them, know, two days ago, do, to go abroad, you?

10. seen, the accident, you, have, on the bridge, happen?

11. to be, they, the test run, successful, the new locomotive, expect, of.

12. to meet, me, the representative of your company, I, at the station, thought.

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