Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации

Федеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта

Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения

С.Я. Никитина, м.В. Жесткова английский язык

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов I курса

железнодорожных специальностей

Часть 2

Самара 2011

УДК

ББК

Рецензенты:

кандидат педагогических наук

И.А. Зайцева

Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения

кандидат филологических наук

И.В. Гончарова

Самарский государственный медицинский университет

Никитина С.Я.

Английский язык : учебно-методическое пособие для студентов 1 курса железнодорожных специальностей. Часть 2. / С.Я. Никитина, М.В. Жесткова, – Самара : СамГУПС, 2011, - с.

Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов 1 курса железнодорожных специальностей дневной формы обучения. Цель данного пособия заключается в том, чтобы выработать у студентов навыки чтения, адекватного понимания и перевода текстов по специальности широкого профиля, а также активного владения основами грамматической системы современного английского языка.

УДК

ББК

© Никитина С.Я., 2011

© Жесткова М.В., 2011

© СамГУПС, 2011

Contents

Unit Three. From the History of Railways

Text A Stockton-Darlington Railway

Text B Liverpool-Manchester Railway

Text C St.Petersburg-Tsarskoe Selo Railway

Text D St.Petersburg-Moscow Railway

Text E The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States

Text For Additional Reading The Great Train Robbery

Grammar Review

Present, Past, Future Perfect Active and Passive

Participle I

Participle II

Functions of the Verb would

Tail-questions

Unit Four. Modern Railways

Text A Channel Tunnel

Text B Japanese Railways

Text С Kuibyshev Railway

Text for Additional Reading Light Rail Arrives in the Lone Star State

Grammar Review………………………………………………………………

Gerund

ing-forms

Infinitive

Complex Subject

Complex Object

Appendix

Краткий грамматический справочник……………………………

Таблица неправильных глаголов…………………………………..

Unit three from the history of railways

Text A

Stockton-Darlington Railway

Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the words and phrases:

successfully, parliamentary, original, persuade, locomotive, architect, official, guest, uncomfortable, hour, however, prove, haul, typical, gradually, huge, financial;

wrought-iron rails, cast iron rails, to survey the line, to cover the distance, standard gauge, visiting dignitaries, signaling system, to prevent collision.

Ex. 2. Practice the reading of the proper names.

• George Stephenson [ʤɔ׃ʤ] ['sti׃vǝns(ǝ)n] – Джордж Стефенсон

• Edward Pease ['edwǝd] [pi׃z] – Эдвард Пиз

• Ignatius Bonomi [ɪg'neɪʃǝs] [bǝnǝ'mi׃] – Игнатий Бономи

• Darlington ['dɑ:lɪŋtǝn] – Дарлингтон

• Stockton ['stɔktǝn] – Стоктон

Ex. 3. To refresh your memory, translate the words into Russian.

to attend, to allow, bridge, to call, carriage, construction, coach, to establish, to follow, fast, to include, market, to operate a locomotive, to provide, rail, to retire, to set up, structure, success.

Ex. 4. Copy the following words and phrases and memorize their meanings.

cast iron – чугун coal mine – угольная шахта, рудник expensive (≠ cheap) – дорогой, дорогостоящий (≠ дешёвый) freight (= goods, load, cargo) – груз gauge – ширина колеи to carry (= to haul, to transport) – перевозить, транспортировать to design – проектировать, конструировать to draw (= to haul, to pull) – тянуть, тащить to merge – объединяться (о компаниях) to power – приводить в движение power – сила, мощность, энергия, тяга to prevent – предотвращать; мешать to produce (= to manufacture) – производить, выпускать production (=manufacture) – производство, выпуск producer (= manufacturer) – (фирма)-производитель, поставщик to prove – доказывать; оказываться to reach – достигать, доходить; доезжать, добираться steam – пар; паровой to survey – проводить изыскания, производить разметку трассы ж.д. traction (= power) – тяга

Ex. 5. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. Railway transport is one of the cheapest ways of transporting freight over long distances.

2. The first rails were made of cast iron but when traffic became heavier it was found that cast iron was too brittle and wore too quickly.

3. The engineer said that some changes had been made in the original design of the coach.

4. Bombardier is the largest manufacturer of passenger cars in the world. This company set up in Canada has become multi-national, producing everything from passenger cars to aircraft in factories around the world.

5. Cars initially used for carrying passengers on the Moscow-Sergiev Posad line were bought from German companies Pflug and Lauenstein. Later, however, these cars proved to be unsuitable for Russian climate and they were replaced with cars built in Russia.

6. From the technical point of view, the underground railway system is a very expensive and complex structure.

7. Many people experimented with electricity for city tramways and they all made their own contribution (вклад) to the development of the electric traction.

8. About 60 percent of the world’s railroads have been built to standard gauge, 4 feet 8 ½ inches (1,435 millimeters).

9. In 1829, Stephenson designed a locomotive called the Rocket, which hauled both freight and passengers at a greater speed than had any locomotive constructed up to that time.

10. While running over the railway line between Moscow and St.Petersburg, the Sapsan train reaches the speed of 200 km/h.

11. The construction of new railway lines is always preceded by long and thorough (всесторонний, тщательный) surveying work.

12. The first Siemens’s electric loco built in 1879 was so small that the driver had to straddle it like a horse but it could haul a train with 30 passengers.

13. Because of its very small size, the first 3 HP (=horse-power) narrow-gauge locomotive was called a midget (лилипут, карлик).

14. The freight train driver spotted the danger but couldn't prevent the accident.

15. In Great Britain, train tickets are quite expensive but students and the elderly can get railcards, which allow them to cheaper fares.

Ex. 6. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences.

1. As all the European railways now have a standard ___, it is possible to travel over several lines without changing bogies (тележка).

a) power b) design c) traction d) gauge

2. One of the first railways in the US (3 miles in length) used horses to ___ wagons.

a) design b) pull c) produce d) reach

3. The first ___ appeared in Russia as far back as in the 18^th century but they were used only in mineral resource and metallurgical industries.

a) coal mines b) cast-iron tracks c) freight d) steam power

4. Running tests have ___ that the new locomotive works faultlessly.

a) prevented b) hauled c) designed d) proved

5. If we set off early in the morning, we will ___ the coast before dark.

a) reach b) survey c) power d) haul

6. The ___ of steel rails in the US began in 1865, and they are now used all over the world.

a) producer b) power c) design d) manufacture

7. The first railway in Russia using ___ was an industrial line in Nizhni Tagil built in 1834.

a) cheap design b) steam traction c) coal mines d) electric power

8. For many years, the railway builders made topographical ___ by the use of a tape and level.

a) surveys b) designs c) traction d) production

9. The engineers were carrying out an important test when the ___ was suddenly turned off.

a) manufacture b) power c) steam d) freight

10. The company was formed by ___ three smaller firms.

a) producing b) merging c) hauling d) reaching

Ex. 7. Complete the sentences with a required word from the list.

The first telephone boxes were designed by Sir Giles Scott in 1935, they were made of ___. The newspaper published the article about a brave engine driver who ___ a bad accident at risk of his own life. Electric train can be ___ either by electric loco or by motorcars. Steel used for the ___ of rails must be of high quality. You may easily ___ London in a day from here. In the US, railroads ___ about 40 % of the total volume of freight transportation. The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge connecting two islands in Japan is the longest, tallest, and most ___ suspension bridge ever constructed. The first railways were constructed as far back as the 16th century but until 1804, only horsepower was used to ___ cars. At first, electric ___ was used in mines and tunnels to avoid (избегать) smoke and steam. The Adtranz company ___ electric and diesel locomotives, high-speed trains, streetcars and underground trains, as well as signal and traffic-control systems. There was a fault in the ___ of the aircraft. The Waldenburg railway has the narrowest ___ of all the railways in Switzerland: 750 mm. They knew who had stolen the money, but they couldn’t ___ it. The first stationary steam engines were installed at ___ to pump out the water. The Stockton-Darlington Railway was the first railway in the world to operate freight and passenger service with steam ___.

carry cast iron coal mines design expensive gauge haul manufactures power powered prevented production prove reach traction

Ex. 8. Match the English words and phrases in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.

A	B
mechanical engineer	сигнальная система
coal cart (wagon)	рельсы из кованого железа
signaling system	ходить по расписанию
to pave the way	проходить расстояние
to run to timetable	деревянные блоки
to lay (down) the track	паровоз
steam locomotive	работающий на паровой тяге
steam-operated	укладывать путь
to cover the distance	принять законопроект
to pass a bill	столкновение
collision	каменные блоки
wheel	участок железнодорожного пути, перегон
section of the line	колесо
wrought iron rails	инженер-механик
wooden blocks	угольная вагонетка
stone blocks	прокладывать путь, подготавливать почву

Ex. 9. Read the sentences and translate them.

1. On the first railways, tracks were laid down on wooden or stone blocks.

2. The American turbotrain has covered a 230-mile distance between Boston and New York in 3 hours 15 minutes with four stops.

3. The first improvement on cast-iron rails were wrought iron rails, introduced in 1820 in England, where the first steel rail was also manufactured.

4. During the World War II, all the Metro trains were equipped with special reduced lighting for using on open sections of track.

5. Railway lines in the Moscow Metro are laid down in different levels. This type of lines provides absolutely safe service as there is no possibility of a train collision.

6. To control the operation of trains moving in different directions and at different speeds, railroads have developed complex signaling systems.

7. Steam locomotives weighing 30 or 40 tons were so heavy that they damaged rails. Cast iron rails and even wrought iron rails sometimes needed replacement every two years.

8. To mechanical engineers, the name of Westinghouse is associated with the invention of the automatic air brake for railway trains.

9. The invention of the wheel was a turning point in the development of human civilization.

10. The success of Stephenson’s Rocket paved the way to the construction of other locomotives and the laying of new railroad lines.

Ex. 10. Some odd words or phrases in the sentences below make them nonsensical. Correct the mistakes. Words and phrases given in the box may be helpful.

1. The time when trains were drawn by coal carts is usually called the steam age.

2. The shuttle-train paves the way from London to Paris in 3h 40min.

3. A dispatcher controls the movement of trains over a definite signaling system.

4. The world’s first railway on which passengers traveled on the high speed trains was opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington in North East England.

5. Locomotive drivers are specialists engaged in designing, building and repairing machines and mechanisms.

6. On the first steam-operated railways, there were no locomotives and there was no need in them.

7. There was something wrong with the front wooden block of the car.

covers the distance mechanical engineer section of the line wheel signaling systems steam locomotives steam-operated