Part 3. Arctic Story

Study the information in the table below:

Past Perfect Active – служит для выражения минувшего действия, которое уже завершилось к определённому моменту в прошлом. Time Markers – already, just, yet, before, after, for … (for many years, for five days, for several weeks, for a month, …)
Positive	Negative	Interrogative
□ had Ved/V3 ■. When they climbed up 1000 meters they found that temperature had fallen by about 6º Celsius. □ – temperature has V3 – had fallen ■ – by about 6º Celsius T.M. – When they climbed up 1000 meters they found	□ hadn’t Ved/V3 ■. It was snowing but the crops hadn’t grown yet. □ – the crops hadn’t V3 – hadn’t grown T.M.1 – yet T.M.2 – It was snowing	1. Optional: Had □ Ved/V3 ■? Had you taken into account climatic data when you started your journey? – Yes, we had./ No, we hadn’t. 2. Special: Q.w. had □ Ved/V3 ■? Where had you gone when I rang you up yesterday? – in the mountains

Exercise 2. Read the following situations and write sentences in past perfect using the words in brackets:

1. Charles didn’t rate with Gertrude Morgan because (he/never/comb) icicles from his whiskers. – Charles didn’t rate with Gertrude Morgan because he had never combed icicles from his whiskers.

2. Gertrude understood that (Charles/never/be) in Arctic before.

3. Gertrude Morgan was from a famous family. (her/grandfather/sail) with Admiral Byrd for many years.

4. (Charles/ever/be) in Arctic before he took Miss Morgan to dinner?

5. Charles realized that (they/already/use) up all their matches.

6. Dr DeLator helped his young friend to figure out his mistake. Charles realized that Gertrude was not a kind of girls (he/meet) before.

Exercise 3. Ask questions to the underlined words (using past simple, past continuous, past perfect):

1. Charles wanted to impress Gertrude because he loved her. – Why ...

□ Ved ■. – Past Simple (1) → Past Simple (4) Q.w. did □ V1 ■? – Why did Charles want to impress Gertrude?

2. Gertrude was not only a beautiful woman but very educated. – What kind of ...

3. Gertrude’s cousin climbed Mount Everest. – Which ...

4. Once Charles had spent Christmas Eve in less comfortable surroundings. – How ...

5. Craven and Charles were mushing back to the Navy’s Arctic Observation Weather Station. – Where ...

6. The boat picked them up after twenty four hours. – When ...

7. Gertrude slapped Charles’s face because his story wasn’t truthful. – Why ...

8. Charles wasn’t studying Geography well when he went to school. – What ...

9. Dr. DeLator helped Charles to figure out his mistake. – Who ...

Unit 4. What Is Around Us?