Part 1. Manufacturing/ Part 2. Industry in the usa/ Part 3. Russian Industry

Exercise 1. Rewrite the following sentences in passive voice:

1. Many years ago people produced new goods at home. V1=produce(reg.)

2. The UK has manufactured wool since the 18^th century. V1=manufacture(reg.)

3. Steam-engine brought to action big machines. V1=bring(irreg.)

4. Light industry uses light raw materials. V1=use(reg.)

5. British market is selling a lot of goods today. V1=sell(irreg.)

6. The country will choose the way of cooperation next week. V1=choose(irreg.)

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences in active voice:

1. The steam-engine was created in the 18^th century. V1=create(reg.)

2. Machines are located at the factories and plants. V1=locate(reg.)

3. The very first machines had been invented in the UK. V1=invent(reg.)

4. At present goods are being produced at the factories by many countries. V1=produce(reg.)

5. Some enterprises will be built near the places of raw materials extractions in the future.

V1=build(irreg.)

6. Heavy materials are distributed by the railway. V1=distribute(reg.)

Exercise 3. Read the following sentences and ask questions to the underlined words in active or passive voices:

1. Many years ago people produced new goods at home. – What did people produce at home many years ago?

2. The steam engine was created in the 18^th century. – When was the steam engine created?

3. New goods were produced quicker by machines.

4. Machines had been invented in the UK.

5. Goods are still being produced at the factories.

6. Heavy materials are better to distribute by the railway.

7. Many enterprises became bankrupts because they were unprofitable.

8. In 90-s the country suffered a great economic crisis.

9. The delivery of raw materials to the place of their processing was unprofitable because of very long distances.

10. Oil and natural gas are mined in Western Siberia.

11. Ten leading banks of the world are situated in Japan.

12. Japanese manufacturing goods include watches, cameras, electronic products, cars, machinery, ships, ceramics, plastics, silk and other textiles.

13. Japanese electronic industry is on the second place in the world after the USA.

14. The home production disappeared because it became unprofitable.

15. The enterprises today are being built close to the place of their extraction.

Unit 11. Agriculture

Part 1. History of Agriculture/ Part 2. Modern Agriculture/ Part 3. Agriculture in the USA

Complex Object (Objective with the Infinitive) – сложное дополнение (объектный падеж с инфинитивом). Перевод на русский язык придаточным предложением. Инфинитив выражает действие, совершаемое лицом, обозначенным существительным или местоимением в объектном падеже, которое стоит перед инфинитивом.
The farmer wants the workers to harvest pineapples next week. I knew Gregor Mendel to have discovered how characteristics of plants and animals are inherited from their parents. I suppose this reaper to be in good condition.	Фермер хочет, чтобы рабочие приступили к уборке ананасов на следующей неделе. Я узнал, что Грегор Мэндел открыл как свойства растений и животных наследуются от их родителей. Я полагаю, что эта жатвенная машина в хорошем состоянии.
He thought them to work on the field. Mother insisted me to water the garden.	Он подумал, что они работают в поле. Мама настояла, чтобы я полил огород.
После глаголов to see, to hear, to watch, to notice перед объектным инфинитивным комплексом частица to не употребляется. Например: I saw Ann enter the yard. He watched the children approach the lake. Если глаголы to see, to hear, to watch, to notice употребляются в пассивном залоге, то частица to перед объектным инфинитивным комплексом употребляется. Например: Jake was noticed to enter the house through the window.

Exercise 1. Combine the following pairs of sentences into one using complex object:

1. They were harvesting potatoes. I saw it. – I saw them be harvesting potatoes. 2. The farmers planted wheat in May. I heard it. 3. An ear of modern hybrid corn had twice a number of kernels on it. The scientists noticed it. 4. Primitive people gathered fruit and hunted animals for food. We know it. 5. Agriculture has been improved for many years. We studied it. 6. The trees are being cut for building. We watched it. 7. Civilization had already started by 6000 BC. We learnt it. 8. Agriculture was developing very slowly. The farmers know it. 9. A barn is used for storing grain. People decided it.

Complex Subject (Nominative with the Infinitive) – сложное подлежащее (именительный падеж с инфинитивом). Перевод на русский язык придаточным предложением. Инфинитив выражает действие, совершаемое лицом или предметом, обозначенным существительным или местоимением в именительном падеже и выполняет функцию подлежащего, которое стоит вначале инфинитивного комплекса.
This farmer is said to grow a rich harvest of pineapples. Works by Gregor Mendel are known to have been translated into Russian. The harvest is unlikely to be rich. Irrigation system seems to be spread around the country.	Говорят, что этот фермер выращивает богатые урожаи ананасов. Известно, что работы Грегора Мэндела переведены на русский язык. Маловероятно, что урожай будет богатым. Кажется, оросительная система распространена по всей стране.

Exercise 2. Transform the sentence using the Complex Subject instead of Complex Object:

1. They saw me plant the flowers. – I was seen to plant the flowers. 2. The scientist expects the plant to give the desired characteristics. 3. The engineers hoped the gasoline engine, vehicles, and special machinery to make the farmers’ work easier. 4. People discovered electricity to warm and light barns. 5. The farmers use incubators to hatch eggs. 6. We use the refrigerators for food to be kept fresh. 7. People expected the frozen food to be transported from the farms to the markets in the cities. 8. The American farmers expected the crops to grow in dry territories. 9. We knew the soil to be enriched with some nutrients by alfalfa.

Unit 12. Industry and Agriculture Development Consequences