Part 2. Extinctions for Profits

Exercise 3. Ask questions to the underlined words:

1. Tilford came to DeLator with his new money-making scheme because he wanted to make

them both rich. – Why … ?

□ V2 ■. Pa. S.(1) → Pa. S.(4) Q.w. did □ V1 ■?

Why did Tilford come to DeLator with his new money-making scheme?

2. Sebastian Delsolo has found the greatest ever example of prehistoric art in a cave on a farm in

Spain. – Where … ?

3. The cave artist worked in the dark cave by light from a stone lamp. – How … ?

4. The caveman used pieces of red and yellow ochre for drawing. – What … ?

5. It costs fifty thousand dollars to buy the farm. – How much … ?

6. The dinosaurs mysteriously died out about 65 million years ago. – When … ?

Study the information in the table below:

Reported Speech in Present:
Direct Speech (прямая речь) – is given directly
Reported Speech (косвенная речь) – is retold direct speech
Common Rules		Direct Speech		Reported Speech
1. в косвенной речи нет знаков препинания		– Mike says, “I have a lot of work to do.”		– Mike says he has a lot of work to do.
2. при переводе прямой речи в косвенную речь личные (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) и притяжательные (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) местоимения изменяются в соответствии со смыслом		– Mike says, “I am using your computer.”		– Mike tells me that he is using my computer.
3. в повествовательном предложении в словах автора, как правило, употребляются глаголы “say/tell”; косвенная речь к словам автора присоединяется союзом “that” или без него		– Mike says, “You are a friend of mine.”		– Mike says that I am a friend of his. – Mike tells me that I am a friend of his. – Mike says I am a friend of his.
4. если в прямой речи есть обращение, то при переводе в косвенную речь оно перемещается в слова автора		– Mike says, “I am using your computer, Peter.”		– Mike tells Peter that he is using his computer.
5. если при переводе прямой речи в косвенную речь прямая речь содержит вопрос, то 1) глагол, содержащийся в словах автора, изменяется на глагол to ask; 2) общий косвенный вопрос присоединяется при помощи союзов if/whether – ли; в специальном вопросе союзом выступает вопросительное слово 3) косвенный вопрос содержит прямой порядок слов – □ V ■ – подлежащее, сказуемое, второстепенные члены предложения; 4) в конце косвенного вопроса ставиться точка		– Mike says, “Do you need my computer?” – He says, “Will the eternal engine be invented in the next century?” – The students ask, “Why were the trees chopped down?”		– Mike asks me if I need his computer. – He asks if the eternal engine will be invented in the next century. – The students ask why the trees were chopped down.
Reported Speech in Past:
Common Rules	Direct Speech		Reported Speech
1. при переводе прямой речи в косвенную речь со словами автора в прошедшем времени происходят следующие изменения: времена по линии Present преобразуются во времена по линии Past, а времена по линии Future преобразуются во времена по линии Future in the Past: am/is → was are → were do/does → did have/has → had shall → should will → would can → could 2. если прямая речь содержала предложение, образующееся по линии Past, то при переводе прямой речи в косвенную речь преобразований во времени не происходит	– Biologists said, “Some kills of animals are made only to supply fashion or curio markets.” – Jean said, “Unless we protect nature many wonderful places, animals and plants will disappear.” – The experimental group in agriculture claimed, “Fertilizers, combined with the use of pesticides and herbicides, have certainly helped to increase current food supplies but long-term effects of them can be devastating.” – Scientists believed, “These birds nested in trees on Mauritius.”		– Biologists said that some kills of animals were made only to supply fashion or curio markets. – Jean answered Kate that unless they protected nature many wonderful places, animals and plants would disappear. – The experimental group in agriculture claimed that fertilizers, combined with the use of pesticides and herbicides, had certainly helped to increase current food supplies but long-term effects of them could be devastating. – Scientists believed that these birds nested in trees on Mauritius.
3. если при переводе прямой речи в косвенную речь прямая речь содержит вопрос, то происходят те же преобразования, которые описаны в Reported Speech in Present в пункте 5.; а времена сказуемых преобразуются так же как описано в Reported Speech in Past в пунктах 1. и 2.	– They asked, “Did the Wombats become extinct because of the pollution problems in Australia?” – Kate said to Jean, “Why is it important to protect nature?”		– They asked if the Wombats became extinct because of the pollution problems in Australia. – Kate asked Jean why it was important to protect nature.

Exercise 4. Convert the following sentences into reported speech:

1. DeLator said, “Barney Tilford, my unemployed friend, came up to me with more get-rich-quick schemes than anyone I’d ever known.” – DeLator said that Barney Tilford, his unemployed friend, came up to him with more get-rich-quick schemes than anyone he’d ever known.

2. Tilford said, “By golly, DeLator. This time I’m going to make us both rich!”

3. Tilford said, “I can’t divulge the exact location yet.”

4. He said, “The farmer doesn’t suspect anything.”

5. Tilford said, “Think of the fortune we can make from tourists!”

6. DeLator said, “I won’t give you a dime, Barney!”

Exercise 5. Convert the following sentences into direct speech:

1. DeLator said to Barney that he didn’t believe a word of his story. – DeLator said, “I don’t believe a word of your story, Barney.”

2. DeLator asked Tilford where the exact location of the farm was.

3. Tiford said to DeLator that he had a new get-rich-quick scheme which made them both rich.

4. Tiford suggested DeLator to look at the photos of drawings which had been made by his associate in Spain.

5. DeLator asked Tilford how much the farm cost.

6. Tilford asked DeLator if he had heard about the caveman paintings in the Cave of Font de Gaume, in France.

Unit 10. Industry