1. Дайте назву наступним речам.

1. The railroad yard that is used for separating trains, for distributing cars in groups according to destinations.

2. The railroad yards which were constructed on flat ground.

3. The railroad yards which make use of the gravity law for the classification of cars.

4. The groups of wagons into which a train is uncoupled.

5. The tracks where the cars are sorted.

6. The rail-based brakes used to stop or hold wagons without the use of the wagon's or a train's own brakes.

7. The lines where incoming trains are received and wait to be dealt with.

8. The quantity of cars handled through a hump per a day.

9. The devices that control most of the yard operations.

10. The trains which cars do not have to be reclassified at interchanges or yards.

2. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. How are most classification yards constructed?

2. What is the oldest type of a classification yard?

3. What work was performed in flat yards?

4. How is classification work done in hump yards?

5. How does the car roll down the hump?

6. What does the number of classification tracks in the reception and departure lines depend on?

7. What types are the yards classified into by hump capacity?

8. How do computers make classification quicker and more efficient?

9. What devices regulate the car’s speed as it rolls down the hump?

10. What is the purpose of using unit trains at automated interchanges?

3. Дайте українські еквіваленти англійських слів та словосполучень.

Classification yard, the law of gravity, cuts of cars, commodities, newly assembled trains, on flat ground, to make up a train, were operated by hand, employees, to take a long time, goods trains, make use, are weighed, complex, the classification bowl, the possibility of overtaking, wagon, process, number of axles, the density of traffic.

4. Знайдіть в тексті англійські еквіваленти наступних українських слів та словосполучень.

Маневрова робота, під'їзний шлях, маневровий локомотив, штовхати вагони, поїзди які відбувають, маршрутний поїзд, колії приймання, скочуватися з гірки, колії відправлення, безгорочний двір, сортувати вантажні вагони, транспортна розв'язка, уповільнювач, перевіряти вагони на наявність дефектів, парний і непарний напрямок поїздів, сортувальний шлях, щільність руху, гіркова пропускна здатність.

5. Доповніть речення використовуючи подані слова.

Incoming, track, departing, hump, route, gravity, switchings, classification tracks, retarders, unit trains, rolls down, switch, reception, departure, capacity, to accommodate, automated, reliable.

1. Each ... is reserved for cars assigned to a particular ... .

2. In flat yards ... engines haul cars from ... trains onto the proper tracks from which ... trains were made of.

3. On the other side of the ... the track branches out into a number of ... .

4. The car ... ... the hump onto its assigned track by ... .

5. The ... and ... lines should be of length sufficient ... the longest goods trains.

6. The operation is impossible without ... automatic devices.

7. These devices, called ... , regulate the car’s speed as it rolls down the hump.

8. ... ... reduce the number of ... .

9. The newest hump yards are almost completely … .

10. All the yards are classified by hump … .