3. Grammar:

“To be” етістігінің

Present, Past және Future Indefinite шақтарында жіктелуі.

“To be” етістігі бар, болу деген мағынада бастауыш пен баяндауышты жалғастырушы етістік ретінде қолданылады. “To be” етістігінің осы шақта 3 формасы (жекше түрдің 1 жағында - am, 3 жағында - is, көпше түрде - are), өткен шақта 2 формасы (жекеше түрде - was, көпше түрде - were) келер шақта 2 формасы (1 жақта - shall be, 2 және 3 жақтарда - will be) бар.

“To be” етістігінің Present Indefinite шағында жіктелуі.

Болымды нысаны	Сұраулы нысаны	Болымсыз нысаны
Жекеше түр
I am [æm] You are [α:] He She is [iz] It	Am I? Are you? he? Is she? it?	I am not You are not He She is not It
Көпше түр
We You are [α:] They	we? Are you? they?	We You are not They

Қысқартылған формалары: I’m, you’re, he’s, she’s, it’s, aren’t, isn’t.

“To be” етістігінің Past Indefinite шағында жіктелуі.

Болымды нысаны	Сұраулы нысаны	Болымсыз нысаны
Жекеше түр
I was [woz, wәz] You were [wә:, wә] He She was [woz, wәz] It	Was I? Were you? he? Was she? it?	I was not You were not He She was not It
Көпше түр
We You were [wә:, wә] They	we? Were you? they?	We You were not They

Қысқартылған формалары: wasn’t [woznt], weren’t [wә:nt]

“To be” етістігінің Future Indefinite шағында жіктелуі.

Болымды нысаны	Сұраулы нысаны	Болымсыз нысаны
Жекеше түр
I shall be [∫әl bi] You will be [wil bi] He She will be [wil bi] It	Shall I be? Will you be? he be? Will she be? it be?	I shall not be You will not be He She will not be It
Көпше түр
We shall be [∫әl bi] You will be [wil bi] They will be [wil bi]	Shall we be? Will you be? Will they be?	We shall not be You will not be They will not be

Қысқартылған формалары: I’ll [ail], you’ll [ju:l], he’ll [hi:l], she’ll [∫i:l], it’ll [itl], we’ll [wi:l], they’ll [ðeil], shan’t [∫α:nt], won’t [wount].

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with the verb “to be” using in the suitable form in Present Indefinite.

1. He … a good student. 2. They … old friends. 3. I … a teacher. 4. John … absent from class today. 5. The weather … good today. 6. The sky … clear. 7. We … both students. 8. Mr. Smith … sick today. 9. She and I … cousins.

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with the verb “to be” in Past Simple.

1. Ann … absent from school yesterday. 2. The exercises in the last lesson … difficult. 3. We … tired after our long walk. 4. She … in the same class as Nick last year. 5. The weather yesterday … very warm. 6. There … a lot of students absent from class yesterday. 7. I … hungry after so many exercises. 8. I … busy all day yesterday. 9. We … good friends for many years.

Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with the verb “to be” in Future Simple

1. She … our new teacher. 2. These exercises … very difficult for you. 3. They … glad to see their old friends. 4. There … many examinations next term. 5. There … a new club in our town next year. 6. We … very tired after the long walk. 7. I … happy to be here again. 8. We … interested in his progress.

Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the verb “to be” in Present, Past or Future Simple.

1. My father … a teacher. 2. He … a pupil twenty years ago. 3. I … a doctor when I grow up. 4. My sister … not … at home tomorrow. 5. She … at school tomorrow. 6. … you … at home tomorrow? 7. … your father at work yesterday? 8. My sister … ill last week. 9. She … not ill now. 10. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 11. Where … your mother now? – She … in the kitchen. 12. Where … you yesterday? – I … at the cinema. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family … at home. 14. … your little sister in bed now? - Yes, she …. 15. … you … at school tomorrow? – Yes, I …. 16. When my granny … young, she … an actress. 17. My friend … in Moscow now. 18. He … in St.Petersburg tomorrow. 19. Where … your books now? – They … in my bag.

Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with am/am not, is /is not, are/are not to complete the story.

Our family ... a big one, we ... four: my father, my mother, my elder brother and I. My father ... a tall broad-shouldered man of 49. My mother ... a pleasant woman of 47. My parents ... economists and they ... fond of their profession. They ... always very busy and when they ... at home I... ready to do everything about the house. My elder brother ... an economist, he ... a doctor, so he ... as busy as my parents. In the evening when we ... at home we ... glad to see each other. Our personal hobbies ... the same. My mother ... fond of music, my elder brother ... a football-fan, my father and I ... interested in playing chess. But we ... all keen on making films. It ... our family hobby and useful for all of us.

“to have”.