Комплексы с инфинитивом

В английском языке инфинитив в сочетании с существительным или личными местоимениями образуют синтаксические комплексы - группы слов без личной формы глагола, выполняющие роль сложных членов предложения и по значению эквивалентные придаточным предложениям. Инфинитив образует комплексы трех типов: сложное дополнение (Complex Object), сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject), комплекс с предлогом for. For + существительное (или местоимение в объектном падеже) + инфинитив.

Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)

Сложное дополнение состоит из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже и инфинитива. Сложное дополнение употребляется после следующих групп глаголов:

1. to want, to like, to prefer, to mean, to expect, to hate, to dislike, оборота would like (глаголы, выражающие желание):

I like people to tell the truth. Я люблю, когда люди говорят правду.

She wants me to translate the text. Она хочет, чтобы я перевела текст.

We would like him to be invited to the party. Нам бы хотелось, чтобы его пригласили на вечер.

We expect her to come to Moscow tomorrow. Мы ожидаем, что она приедет в Москву завтра.

2. to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, и др. (глаголы, выражающие физическое восприятие); а также глаголы to make (заставлять), to let (разрешать) и оборот I won’t have (я не допущу). Инфинитив в этом случае употребляется без частицы to.

I saw him come into the garden. Я видел, как он вошел в сад.

He heard the bell ring. Он услышал, как прозвенел звонок.

I won’t have you talk like that. Я не допущу, чтобы вы разговаривали подобным образом.

What makes you think so? Что заставляет вас думать так?

3. to know, to think, to believe, to consider и др. (глаголы, обозначающие процесс умственной деятельности):

We knew him to be right. Мы знали, что он прав.

I didn’t know them to have taken part in that expedition. Я не знал, что они принимали участие в той экспедиции.

Do you consider him to be the best student in your group? Вы считаете, что он лучший студент в вашей группе?

4. to advise, to allow, to ask, to beg, to order, to permit, to promise, to tell, to help, to warn (глаголы, выражающие разрешение, приказание, просьбу, совет и т.п.):

He advised me not to be late. Он посоветовал, чтобы я не опаздывал (мне не опаздывать).

What time did he ask you to come? В какое время он просил вас прийти?

Will you help me to carry the box upstairs? Не поможете ли вы мне занести коробку наверх?

На русский язык сложное дополнение чаще всего переводится дополнительным придаточным предложением, вводимым словами: что, чтобы, когда, как..

Упражнения.

1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. I wanted him to understand the meaning of the word. 2. I want you to help me. 3. I should like you to answer my question. 4. We waited for the dinner to be served. 5. They rely on him to do it in time. 6. He found her to be an attentive listener. 7. I consider him to be wrong. 8. I asked her to help me about the house. 9. She advised him to do his best. 10. I believe him to be a kind-hearted man. 11. She felt her heart beat like a heavy bell. 12. She watched him walk along the street. 13. I saw him wrap it up in a package and write his name across the wrapping. 14. We consider the lecture to be interesting. 15. I found the story to be funny. 16. Who ordered you to obey him? 17. That’s the most interesting thing I ever heard you say. 18. He watched him come in without speaking. 19. They wish the article to be published next month. 20. She did not expect me to estimate the significance of his work. 21. We believed them to have changed the plan. 22. We knew the report to have consisted of two parts. 23. They expect the equipment of the laboratory to be completed by the end of the month. 24. They would like him to get first-hand information there. 25. The boys were watching the water level rise in the river. 26. They let him announce the news. 27. Can you make the boy repeat he has just said? 28. We made him believe that. 29. We found them to be interested in the problem.

2. Составьте предложения со сложным дополнением, используя следующие слова и словосочетания:

He saw 1) a little girl, to come out of the door.

2) the door, to open.

He watched 3) the maid, to cross the room and to stop in front of the opposite wall.

They did not hear 4) he, to come up the stairs.

5. he, to open the door.

He noticed 6) she, to take two spoonfuls of soup and a bit of fish.

7. they, to turn pale.

She wanted 8) he, to promise her not to tell anybody their secret.

9. everybody, to think that they ate very little.

They did not expect 10) George, to enter the room.

11. he, to discover their secret.

I’d like 12) they, to look up all the new words in the dictionary.

13. you, to be more careful.

She made 14) we, to wait for some minutes.

15. I, you go in for sports.

Don’t let 16) the girl, to go to the country alone.

17. the child, to eat so much ice cream.

3.В следующих предложениях замените придаточное предложение сложным дополнением:

Образец: We knew that they would come soon.

We knew them to come soon.

1. We knew that they had already arrived. 2. I did not expect that she would catch the train. 3. She thought that we had influenced their decision. 4. We knew that the City is the business and financial part of London. 5. We know that this ancient building was destroyed and rebuilt several times. 6. They expect that these rivers would be soon connected by means of canals. 7. We expected that he would do his best to help us. 8. We know that Moscow was founded by Y.Dolgoruky. 9. He expects that great sums of money will be sent on housing construction in this district. 10. We suppose that the Moscow underground is the best in the world. 11. We expected that they would come to the same decision. 12. Everybody found that the hall was a nice place for this meeting.

4.Преобразуйте два предложения в одно, употребляя сложное дополнение:

Образец: He is a good student. Everybody knows it.

Everybody knows him to be a good student.

1. The announcer called the flight. I’ve heard it. 2. The plane took off. We all have seen it. 3. The children should go on with the game. Please, let them. 4. He has taken your dictionary. Did you allow him? 5. Ann can’t be cruel with children. I’ve never known her that way. 6. He is the author of that bestseller. Everybody knows it. 7. You must search the prisoner. It is the commander’s order. 8. We were waiting for the delegation. It was due to arrive. 9. The speaker called on those present to support the campaign. You’ve heard it, haven’t you? 10. You must accept our invitation. I would like it. 11. She is a good actress. We know it. 12. We must come in time. She asked us about it. 13. He drew this portrait. We saw it. She is about 20 years old. I know about it. 15. I watched the sun. It was rising. 16. I heard him. He was singing the English song. 17. We noticed a man. The man was cleaning his shoes. 18. He saw two girls. They danced on the stage. 19. She watched the children. They ran and played in the garden. 20. I saw her. She arranged her hair. 21. We saw our neighbour. He listened to the news. 22. John heard his daughter. She talked loudly. 23. We saw Roger. He was crossing the square. 24. They heard their father. He played the piano.

5. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Have you ever seen a plane land? 2.Do you like to watch people play tennis? 3. Do you consider yourself fit for the work of a teacher? 4. What film do you find to be impressive? 5. What do you expect the teacher to say when you come late? 6. What lecture do you consider to be the most interesting? 7. When do you want your friend to ring you up? 8. Have you ever watched the forest come to life in early morning? 9. What subject do you consider to be the most difficult? 10. Do you want me to help you? 12. When do you want me to help you? 13. Where do you want me to come? 14. How do you want me to help you? 15. I am going to the library. Would you like me to get a book for you too? 16. What would you like me to take for you? 17. I entered the room five minutes ago. Did you see me enter the room? 18. Did you hear me address the students? 19. When can you see your parents watch TV? 20. When can you see your mother rest? 21. What would you like your friend to do on Sunday? 22. When can you see your friend leave the house? 23. When can you see your friend come to the Institute? 24. When can you see your friend sit at the lectures?

6. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение:

1. Мы видели, как они сажали деревья. 2. Мы слышали, как ребенок плакал во дворе. 3. Она видела, как девочка переходила улицу. 4. Я знаю, что он хорошо говорит по-английски. 5. Женщина наблюдала, как дети играют в саду. 6. Они хотели, чтобы он стал врачом. 7. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы вы рассказали всю историю. 8. Мы не ожидали, что вы вернетесь так скоро. 9. Я видел, как он подошел к двери и вышел из комнаты. 10. Никто не мог заставить его изменить свое решение. 11. Я слышала, что она сказала это. 12. Она почувствовала, что кто-то дотронулся до ее руки. 13. Он ожидает, что они вернутся домой очень скоро. 14. Мы хотим, чтобы Виктор принял участие в соревнованиях. 15. Они хотели, чтобы мы закончили работу вовремя. 16. Я ожидала, что ты прочитаешь этот отрывок наизусть. 17. Никто не заметил, как они вышли на улицу. 18. Что заставило вас вернуться в город в начале августа? 19. Я хочу, чтобы ты сказал правду. 20. Не позволяйте ей поздно ложиться спать. 21. Учитель заметил, что ученики разговаривают. 22. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он говорит по-французски.