Analogue or digital

Signals can (0) either be analogue or digital. In an analogue signal, the signal is (1) _____ continuously with respect to the (2) _____. In a digital signal, the information is (3) _____ as a set of discrete (4) _____ (e.g. 1's and 0's). During (5) _____, the information contained in analogue signals will be (6) _____ by noise. Conversely, unless the noise (7) _____ a certain threshold, the information contained in (8) _____ signals will remain intact. This (9) _____ a key advantage of digital signals over analogue signals.

NEITHER VARIOUS INFORM CODE VALUABLE TRANSMIT GRADE EXCESS DIGITIZATION REPRESENTATIVE

Ex.5 Read and analyze the abstract. Complete the sentences using the words below:

There is an example for you (0).

Segments, at least, access, devices, protected, practice, authorization, router, commercial, depending, interconnection.

Internetwork

Internetwork is two or more networks or network (0) segments connected using (1) _____ that operate at network layer, such as a (2) _____. Any (3) _____ among or between public, private, (4) _____, industrial, or governmental networks may also be defined as an internetwork.

In modern (5) _____, the interconnected networks use the Internet Protocol. There are (6) _____ three variants of internetwork, (7) _____ on who administers and who participates in them:

Intranets and extranets may or may not have connections to the Internet. If connected to the Internet, the intranet or extranet is normally (8) _____ from being accessed from the Internet without proper (9) _____. The Internet itself is not considered to be a part of the intranet or extranet, although the Internet may serve as a portal for (10) _____ to portions of an extranet.

3 Grammar Practice

Ex.1 Analyze the word combinations and translate them.

There is an example for you.

bicycle wheel – колесо велосипеда

1. analogue signals -

2. modulation schemes -

3. computer networks -

4. small office networks -

5. client-server network -

6. communications satellites -

7. college campus -

8. Digital Access Index -

Ex.2 Put the second noun of the word combination before the first leaving out the preposition. Translate the obtained into Russian. There is an example for you.

modulation of frequency – frequency modulation

1. networks of data communications

2. facilities of transmission

3. deliveries of pizza

4. cell phones

5. infrastructures of good telecommunication

6. subscription of mobile

7. technologies of information and communication

Ex.3 Analyze the sentences and translate them. Mind the meaning of Modal Verbs. Use the Grammar table if necessary.

May, Can, Must and their Substitutes

Infinitive	Present	Past	Future
to be allowed to	May (разрешение) a m is allowed to are	Might was allowed to were	_____ will be allowed to
to be able to	Can (уметь, мочь) am is able to are	C ould was able to were	_____ will be able to
to have to	Must (быть должным) have to has	_____ had to	_____ will have to

1. Digital networks may consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

2. An analogue network may consist of one or more switches that establish a connection between two or more users.

3. For both types of network, repeaters may be necessary to amplify or recreate the signal.

4. Modulation can be used to represent a digital message as an analogue waveform.

5. Modulation can also be used to transmit the information of analogue signals at higher frequencies.

6. Hence the information from a low-frequency analogue signal must be superimposed on a higher-frequency signal before transmission.

7. Other servers can not only perform in the capacity of file servers and print servers.

8. Computers linked via Ethernet Cable, can be joined either directly or via a network hub that allows multiple connections.

9. Used for long distances repeaters are to amplify or recreate the signal.

10. Almost any modulation scheme is able to transmit low-frequency analogue signals over free space effectively.

Ex.4 Put these sentences in Past and Future Simple Tense and then make them Negative (-) and Interrogative (?). Some variants can be used.

There is an example for you.

Present

+ Digital networks may consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

- Digital networks may not consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

? May digital networks consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user?

+ Digital networks are allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

- Digital networks are not allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

? Are digital networks be allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user?

Past

+ Digital networks might consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

-Digital networks might not consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

? Might digital networks consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user?

+ Digital networks were allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

- Digital networks were not allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

? Were digital networks allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user?

Future

+ Digital networks will be allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

- Digital networks will not be allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user.

? Will digital networks be allowed to consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user?