
- •Unit one
- •Commentary Notes
- •1. Beautiful, wonderful, watchful
- •2. At Columbia
- •3. On the East Side
- •Structural patterns
- •Vocabulary
- •N ow {that)
- •Exercises
- •I. Translate the following phrases and sentences from the text:
- •II. Give the principal forms of the following verbs:
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences. Use them in situations based on the text:
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Talk about:
- •VII. Make up a character sketch of Erik Gorin as you see him.
- •VIII. Suggest a title for the text and give reasons for your choice.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns:
- •XIII. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex.III):
- •XIV. Suggest Russian equivalents for the word combinations in bold type and explain the use of the synonyms in the following sentences:
- •XV. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
- •XVI. Translate the following situations paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type:
- •XVII. Read the text and retell it following the points in the outline given below. Make a list of the words and word combinations in the text which you could use to develop each point:
- •Outline
- •XVIII. Make up situations based on the episode from the autobiography of Charlie Chaplin using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •Revision (Unit One)
- •Additional material
- •Vocabulary Extension
- •Outline
Vocabulary
1. ... the quick eyes would have been amazed at...
to amaze vt - поражать, изумлять, удивлять
Syn: to surprise, to astonish. The three verbs differ in degree.
To surprise is the general term. It means to impress somebody unexpectedly.
Их
подарок очень удивил и
обрадовал ее.
Their gift greatly surprised and pleased her.
То astonish is to surprise as greatly and suddenly as to seem incredible.
Used to
He astonished his friends by his sudden departure.
Он чрезвычайно удивил своих друзей внезапным отъездом.
То
amaze,
though
it carries the idea of great astonishment, stresses rather
bewilderment, perplexity, or wonder.
Used to expresses recurrent actions or typical states in the past; it implies contrast between the present and the past - what was typical of the past is no longer true at present.
I was amazed at the breadth of
their interests.
Я была поражена широтой их интересов.
All
three verbs are commonly used in passive constructions followed by
an
infinitive or a prepositional object (generally with the
preposition at).
Он всегда был
таким спокойным.
Thus,
we are surprised
at
what is unexpected, astonished
when
we find
it hard to believe, and amazed
when
we are struck by something so strange,
unusual that we cannot (or do not want to) believe it.
Такой дом когда-то
стоил 4000
фунтов.
Он, бывало, приходил
сюда через
£4,000.
He used to come here every
other day.
день.
Note: Would do can also denote recurrent actions in the past but its use is stylistically restricted.
N ow {that)
4 . Now that I'm safe, it's almost as though nothing had happened.
The conjunction now that (also without that) means as, considering that, in view of the fact that... The Russian equivalents are теперь, когда.., раз...
I was not at all surprised to hear her answer. I knew her only too well.
I was astonished to discover that what he had told me was a lie.
I am amazed at his outrageous behavior. He has always been such a quiet young fellow.
Я совсем не удивилась, услышав ее ответ. Я ее слишком хорошо знала.
Я был изумлен, обнаружив, что то, чтойн сказал мне, было неправдой.
Я поражена (не знаю, что и думать) его возмутительным поведением.
Note the nouns and adjectives corresponding to the verbs: surprise n -surprising a; astonishment n - astonishing a; amazement n -amazing a.
2. ...amazed at any expression of sympathy, sympathy (for) n - сочувствие
a) feel sure that somebody or something will come and be waiting -ждать, ожидать
Мы ждали его к обеду, но он не
We expected him for dinner, but he did not come.
пришел.
b) think, believe or hope that something will happen - рассчитывать, надеяться
impression on the House.
The
verb to
make enters
into a number of phraseological units: to
make friends
(with) -
подружиться
The
verb to
wait is
synonymous with the verb to
expect in
the first meaning
(a).
to
wait vi
- be
at a fixed place until somebody comes or something happens
- ждать
3.
.. .he might
make a poor impression...
to
make a poor (good, great, favorable) impression (on) -
производить
плохое
(хорошее,
огромное,
благоприятное)
впечатление
to
sympathize (with smb) vi
- сочувствовать
кому-л.
We all sympathized with the poor girl when we heard that she had lost her parents.
The speech made a strong
Он посочувствовал молодому человеку.
Мы все сочувствовали бедной девушке, когда услышали, что она потеряла родителей.
Речь произвела сильное впечатление в палате общин.
I expect a letter from him in a week.
to expect smb to do smth
I expect you to work hard.
She had expected Simon to drive her home.
Don't go out. Wait till mother
comes.
Я надеюсь получить от него письмо через неделю.
Я надеюсь, что вы будете упорно работать.
Она надеялась, что Саймон отвезет ее домой.
He уходи. Подожди, пока придет
мама.
to
wait for smb to do smth; to wait for smth to happen
to
make
fun
of-
высмеивать,
дразнить, подшучивать, шутить
«Don't make fun of me», she pleaded. «Don't laugh at me».
Он легко заводил друзей.
«He дразни меня, не смейся надо мной», - просила она.
I can't wait for her to come back.
Everybody waited for the meeting to begin.
Я не могу ждать, пока она вернется.
Все ждали начала собрания (когда начнется собрание).
5.
Не
had come with no
intentions of saying this...
to
have no intention (hope, idea) of doing smth -
не
иметь
намерения
(надежды, мысли)
сделать что-л.
После
того, как он потерял работу,
семья едва сводила концы с
концами.
After he had lost his job the family could hardly make (both) ends meet.
4. Naturally we're expecting you. to expect vt
Erik had no intention of saying anything about his personal affairs.
У Эрика не было намерения говорить о своих личных делах.
The car broke down and they had no hope of getting to the station in time.
It'll
save him a lot of trouble if he
speaks to her at once.
Shall'
we drive to the theatre or walk?
It's not far.
6. ...the whole Hollingworth family came down to the station to see me off.
to see smb off (at the station, at the airport) - посадить, проводить (на поезд, на самолет)
My friends saw me off at the
Друзья проводили меня на поезд.
station.
The Russian verb провожать has several other equivalents in English:
to see smb to (a place) - провожать, сопровождать кого-л. куда-л.
Не saw me to the gate. Он проводил меня до ворот.
Не saw me home. | Он проводил меня домой.
to show smb to, into, in, out - go with a person, show him the way to,
into, out of a place - проводить до места, провести внутрь, вводить в помещение, выводить наружу
Не showed me into a small room with a desk in it.
Show her in.
Он провел меня в маленькую комнату, в которой стоял письменный стол.
Проведите ее сюда.
7. .. .a fellow who was driving his car. to drive vt & vi
a) to drive a railway engine, a motor-car, a tram or other vehicle -
водить поезд, машину, трамвай и т.п.
to drive with caution, carefully, recklessly, at a great speed, in the right (wrong) direction, etc. - вести машину осторожно, лихо, на большой скорости, в нужном (не в том) направлении и т.п.
Can you drive?
It had grown dark and he drove (the car) very carefully.
Ты умеешь водить машину?
Стемнело, и он вел машину очень осторожно.
The
hostess offered me a cup of tea.
Мы поедем в театр на машине или пойдем пешком? Это недалеко.
с) to drive smb to - take samebody somewhere in a private car - not in a public vehicle - отвозить кого-л. куда-л. на машине
Не drove me to the station. Он отвез меня не станцию.
8. ...he had saved so long to buy it. to save vt &vi
a) keep for future use, put aside (money) - приберегать, оставлять, копить (деньги)
David saved enough money to Давил скопил достаточно денег, buy a car. | чтобы купить машину.
b) avoid loss of (time, money, etc.) - сберегать, экономить время, деньги и т.д.)
It'll save you a lot of time if you Вы сэкономите много времени, go there by car. если поедете туда на машине.
to save smb (a lot) of trouble - избавлять от хлопот, неприятностей
Это избавит его от (он избежит) многих неприятностей, если он поговорит с ней сейчас же.
Это избавило нас от многих хлопот.
This saved us a lot of trouble.
9. Не offered me a job.
to offer vt - hold out in the hand or express in words something which may be accepted or refused - предлагать кому-л. что-л.
to offer smb a cup of tea, a cigarette, money, help, work, friendship,
etc.
Хозяйка предложила мне чашку чая.
She fell behind the group during her illness and her friends offered her their help.
Она отстала от группы во время болезни, и друзья предложили ей свою помощь.
to offer to do smth - be ready to do something if it is wanted: volunteer (one who offers does it oneself) - предложить; вызваться сделать что-л.
Не offered to drive her back Он предложил отвезти ее обратно home. | домой.
Syn: to suggest vt - put an idea into a person's head - предлагать, советовать
to suggest a plan, a method, a trip, a walk, etc.
Harris suggested a trip down the
river.
Харрис предложил отправиться в путешествие по реке.
to suggest that smb do smth (that smb should do smth)
The fire had gone out and the Огонь в камине погас, и в комнате room felt cold. было холодно.
to turn out (off), on the light, radio, gas; water, etc - выключать, включать свет и т.п.; закрывать, открывать воду, кран
Turn off the hot water (tap). Закрой кран с горячей водой.
to switch off, on the light, radio, TVset, etc (used when speaking of an electric circuit) - выключать, включать
Switch on the light, please. Включи свет, пожалуйста.
11. ...hoping to be dismissed painlessly to dismiss vt - отпускать
a) allow to leave, send away - отпускать
The teacher dismissed the class as soon as the bell rang.
Учитель отпустил учеников, как только прозвенел звонок.
b)
send away (from one's employment, service) - увольнять
Do you suggest we should keep quiet about such things?
Я предложила, чтобы он поспал немного.
Вы предлагаете молчать о таких вещах?
One by one Mr. Smith asked me to dismiss the servants. He did not trust them.
Одного за другим я увольнял наших слуг по требованию м-ра Смита. Он не доверял им.
Syn:
to
sack smb, to give smb the sack, to fire smb (all
colloq)
12.
...listening to me go on like
an
idiot...
like
smb, smth -
in the same or a similar way as, in the manner of-как,
подобным
образом
to suggest (smb's) doing smth
Она предложила (им) остановиться у нее.
She suggested (their) staying at
her place.
10. Erik put out the cigarette.
to put out - cause to stop burning - тушить, гасить
to put out the lights, the candle, the gas, the gas-fire, etc.
He put out the candle and fell into a deep sleep.
Он погасил свечу и погрузился в глубокий сон.
to go out (of a fire or light) - stop burning - гаснуть
«They will give us the sack, if we don't support them», Henry Fox said.
The cook was afraid that they would fire him.
If everyone worked like him, we could finish in a week.
They are behaving like children.
She refused to be treated like an invalid.
«Они нас уволят, если мы их не поддержим», - сказал Генри Фокс.
Повар боялся, что его уволят.
Если бы все работали, как он, мы бы смогли закончить через неделю. Они ведут себя, как дети.
Она возражала против того, чтобы с ней обращались, как с больной.
as smb, smth - in the capacity or character of- как, в качестве
He introduced her as his sister. Он представил ее как свою
сестру.
As is generally used after the verbs to regard, to view, to represent, to treat (считать, рассматривать) and other verbs similar in meaning.
Most people regarded him as a clever man.
All my life you've treated me as a child (as a stranger, etc).
You can't treat that as a joke.
Многие считали его умным.
Всю мою жизнь вы относились ко
мне, как к ребенку.
Это нельзя считать шуткой.
Thus, the essential difference between like and as (in the meaning of как) is that like implies the manner or way of acting (behaving) in a particular case, whereas as stresses the general attitude of a person to something or someone.
13. He checked himself
to check oneself - stop oneself from saying or doing anything when one is just going to do it - сдержаться; остановиться (и не сказать или не сделать что-л.)
I
was about to tell the young man
what I thought of him, but checked myself in time.
to control oneself - not let oneself get angry or cry or show one's emotions - сдерживаться; сохранять самообладание
Она
сдержалась и сказала твердым голосом:
«Мы больше не друзья».
state.
стоянии.
You'd better pull yourself together, you can't do anything in such a
Возьмите себя в руки. Вы ничего не сможете сделать в таком со-
to pull oneself together - get control of oneself (used when a person is in a state of agitation, rage, despair, etc) - сдерживаться, взять себя в руки