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Министерство народного образования Российской Федерации

Удмуртский государственный университет

Институт иностранных языков и литературы

Кафедра истории и грамматики английского языка THE ARTICLE (Пособие по грамматике английского языка)

Составитель: Н.И. Пушина

Ижевск, 2000

Contents

PART 1

USE OF ARTICLES WITH COMMON NOUNS 3

1. Class Nouns: 3

a) the use of the indefinite article with class nouns 3

b) the use of the definite article with class nouns 4

c) the use of articles with class nouns modified by attributes 5

2. Nouns of Material 6

3. Abstract Nouns 6

PART 2

USE OF ARTICLES WITH PROPER NOUNS 8

1. Names of Persons 8

2. Geographical Names 9

3. Names of Hotels, Newspapers, Ships, Magazines, Universities, Airport, etc. 11

4. Names of Cardinal Points 11

5. Names of Months and Days 11

PART 3

USE OF ARTICLES WITH NOUNS IN SOME SET EXPRESSIONS 13

1. The use of the indefinite article with nouns in set expressions 13

2. The use of the definite article with nouns in set expressions 13

3. Nouns in set expressions used without an article 14

PART 4

USE OF ARTICLES IN SOME SYNTACTIC RELATIONS 17

1. The Use of Articles with Predicative Nouns 17

2. The Use of Articles with Nouns in Apposition 17

3. Place of the Article 18

PART 5

SPECIAL DIFFICULTIES ON THE USE OF ARTICLES 20

1. The Use of Articles with the Nouns Day, Night, Morning, Evening, etc. 20

2. The Use of Articles with the Names of Seasons 20

3. The Use of Articles with the Nouns School, College, Bed, Prison, Jail, etc. 21

4. The Use of Articles with the Noun Town 21

5. The Use of Articles with the Names of Meals 22

6. The Use of Articles with the Names of Languages 22

PART 6

USE OF ARTICLES WITH NOUNS MODIFIED BY CERTAIN ADJECTIVES, PRONOUNS AND NUMERALS 27

1. Most 27

2. Few, a few, the few; little, a little, the little 27

3. Two, the two, three, the three etc. 27

4. The second, a second 28

5. Another, the other 28

6. Last, the last 28

7. Next, the next 28

8. A number, the number 28

PART 7

THE FINAL TESTS 30

T H E A R T I C L E

There are two articles in Modern English:

- the indefinite article and

- the definite article.

The indefinite article has two forms 'a' and 'an'.

The form 'a' is used before words beginning with a consonant sound (a book, a pen, a student). The form 'an' is used before words beginning with a vowel sound (an opera, an apple, an hour).

The definite article has one graphic form 'the'. The use of the indefinite article implies that the object is present as belonging to a class.

The use of the definite article shows that a particular object is meant.

Part 1 use of articles with common nouns

1. Class Nouns

a). The use of the indefinite article with class nouns.

Class nouns are used with the indefinite article:

1) when the speaker presents the object expressed by the noun as belonging to a certain class. In this case the indefinite article has the meaning of "какой-нибудь, какой-то, один" (in the meaning of "некий").

She has a watch of her own. Close beside them grew a rose bush covered with scarlet hips.

In plural no article is used in this case.