Revision Exercise

Exercise 1. Put the verb In brackets into the correct form.

1. What you (do) here? — I (look) for my pen. 2. He (go) to the thea­tre every Sunday. 3. The students (write) a test now. 4. They (write) it for an hour already. 5. I (receive) just a letter from him. 6. We (not meet) since we (leave) school. 7. The woman who (speak) to Paul is our teacher. 8. I (speak) to him before you return. 9. Everything (be­come) clear as soon as he (receive) your letter. 10. When I (come) into the room they (discuss) something. 11. They (discuss) the article for a long time when I came. 12. It (rain) hard when I (leave) the house. 13. Tomorrow at 10 o’clock we (write) a composition. 14. When we (come) home she still (make) dinner. 15. I (try) to explain it to you for an hour, but you (not listen) to me. 16. When he (come)? — He (come) 10 minutes ago. 17. They (get) a car? — Yes, they (have) a car for 2 years already. 18. My brother (teach) at school since 1995. 19. When you (be) there tomorrow? — I (be) there at 10 o’clock. 20. We (wait) for you at 10 о’clock tomorrow. 21. They (finish) their work by last Monday.

Страдательный залог (the passive voice)

В английском языке глаголы имеют два залога: действитель­ный (the Active Voice) и страдательный (the Passive Voice).

В действительном залоге действие совершается подлежа­щим.

В страдательном залоге подлежащее (лицо или предмет) подвергается воздействию со стороны другого лица или пред­мета.

L. Tolstoy wrote the novel War and Л. Толстой написал роман Peace. «Война и мир».

The novel War and Peace was Роман «Война и мир» был написан

written by L. Tolstoy. Л. Толстым.

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ЬИДи-ЬгЬМЬННЫЬ ФигМЫ I JIAI UJIA

В СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ

	Present	Past	Future
Simple	am is +Part.II are I am often asked about it. Меня об этом часто спрашивают.	was +Part.II were I was asked about it yesterday. Меня спросили об этом вчера.	shall be+Part.II will I shall be asked about it tomorrow. Меня спросят об этом завтра.
Progressive	am is being+Part.II are I am being asked about it now. Меня спрашивают об этом сейчас.	was being + Part.II were I was being asked about it when you came. Меня спрашива­ли об этом, когда вы пришли.
Perfect	have been+Part.II has I have been asked about it this morning. Меня спросили об этом сегодня утром.	had been+Part.II I had been asked about it before I met you. Меня спросили об этом до того, как я встретил вас.	shall have been +Part.II will I shall have been asked about it by that time. Меня уже спро­сят об этом к тому времени.

При образовании вопросительной формы в страдательном залоге вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

Are the Exercise s done? Will they be done?

Have they been done? Are they being done?

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При образовании отрицательной формы частица not упот­ребляется после первого вспомогательного глагола. The letters will not be typed tomorrow.

В английском языке в страдательном залоге могут употреб­ляться не только переходные, но и непереходные глаголы с предлогами, такие как:

to agree on (upon)	to insist on (upon)
to attend to	to laugh at
to comment on	to look at
to face with	to look after
to dream of	to speak of (about)
to depend on	to send for
to talk about	to refer to
to think of	to rely on

Ul lUOUbbl I 1ЬКЬЬиДА I JIAI UJ ЮЬ

В СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ

НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК

1. Глаголом «быть» в сочетании с краткой формой причастия страдательного залога.

2. Глаголом, оканчивающимся на -ся, -сь.

3. Неопределенно-личным предложением.

4. Глаголом в действительном залоге, если в предложении есть дополнение с предлогом by.

5. Безличные конструкции соответствуют в русском языке глаголам в 3-м лице множественного числа

с неопределенно-личным значением.

The book was published last year. Книга была опубликована в прошлом году.

This problem is being discussed. Эта проблема обсуждается.

The film is much spoken about. О фильме много говорят.

She was laughed at by everybody. Над ней все смеялись.

It is said... Говорят...

It is known... Известно...

It must be said... Следует сказать...

It can’t be forgotten... Нельзя

забыть...

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При преобразовании предложений из действительного зало­га в страдательный необходимо помнить следующее:

а) глагол в страдательном залоге ставят в том же времени, что и в действительном. Лицо и число может меняться, так как меняется подлежащее;

I read newspapers in the evening. Я читаю газеты вечером.

Newspapers are read in the evening. Газеты читают(ся) вечером.

б) дополнение в действительном залоге будет подлежащим в страдательном и наоборот;

They build new houses in our street. Они строят новые дома на нашей

улице.

New houses are built in our street На нашей улице строятся новые

дома.

в) если в предложении действительного залога имеется два дополнения, то любое из них может быть подлежащим в страдательном залоге. При этом дополнение, выражен­ ное местоимением в косвенном падеже, ставится в дей­ ствительном залоге в именительном. Местоимение, ука­ зывающее на носителя действия в страдательном залоге, ставится в объектном падеже;

Nick gave me an interesting book. Николай дал мне интересную

книгу.

An interesting book was given to me. Мне дали интересную книгу.

I was given an interesting book. Мне дали интересную книгу.

г) дополнение с предлогом в страдательном залоге часто опускается, если оно выражено личным местоимением;

Не showed me a picture. Он показал мне картину.

A picture was shown to me (by him). Мне показали картину.

д) если сказуемое действительного залога выражено со­ четанием модального глагола с инфинитивом, то в страдательном залоге ему соответствует сочетание того

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же модального глагола с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге;

I can’t answer your question. Your question can’t be answered.

He must clean the room. The room must be cleaned.

Я не могу ответить на ваш вопрос.

На ваш вопрос невозможно ответить.

Он должен убрать в комнате.

В комнате необходимо убрать.

Self-correcting Exercises Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Здесь обычно проводят собрания.

Наш университет был основан в 1921 году.

Вас встретят на вокзале.

Ваш доклад печатают.

Этот вопрос обсуждали, когда я вошел в комнату.

The secretary told us that all the documents had been signed.

The house will have been built by September.

She can be depended on.

The lecture will be attended by many students.

1.

2.

3. 4. 5.

6. 7.

8.

9. 10.

The meetings are usually held here.

Our University was founded in 1921.

You will be met at the station.

Your report is being typed.

This question was being discussed when I entered the room.

The house has just been built. Дом только что построили.

Секретарь сказала нам, что все документы подписаны.

Дом будет построен к сентябрю.

На нее можно положиться.

На лекции будут присутствовать многие студенты.

Exercise 2. Change the following sentences from Active into Passive. Leave out the doer of the action.

M o d e l A: We ask a lot of questions at the lesson.

A lot of questions are asked at the lesson.

1. We always invite him to our place. He is always invited to our place.

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2. The students often see him in the He is often seen in the club. club.

3. They teach us English at the We are taught English at the University. University.

4. People speak English all over English is spoken all over the world. the world.

5. They clean the classrooms every The classrooms are cleaned every day. day.

M o d e l B: They discussed this problem at the meeting.

This problem was discussed at the meeting.

1. She delivered her report in Her report was delivered in English. English.

2. I asked him to come later. He was asked to come later.

3. They published one of his books l One of his books was published last ast year. year.

4. He told us this story. We were told this story.

5. They promised him a leave. He was promised a leave. M o d e l C: She will post the letter tomorrow.

The letter will be posted tomorrow.

1. They will allow the children to The children will be allowed to watch watch TV. TV.

2. They will sign the treaty. The treaty will be signed.

3. We shall invite our friends to the Our friends will be invited to the party. party.

4. They will publish this article in The article will be published in a day. a day.

5. They will build the house in The house will be built in a month. a month.

Exercise 3. Respond to the following. Use the Present Progressive Tense, Passive Voice.

M o d e l: What’s going on in the room? (to pack things)

The things are being packed.

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1. A scientific conference is being held. A lecture is being delivered. A child is being examined. A film is being watched. Dinner is being cooked.

   What’s going on in the hall? (to hold a scientific conference)

2. What’s going on in the classroom? (to deliver a lecture)

3. What’s going on in the surgery? (to examine a child)

4. What’s going on in the sitting room? (to watch a film)

5. What’s going on in the kitchen? (to cook dinner)

Exercise 4. Answer the questions. Use the Present Perfect Tense, Pas­sive Voice.

M o d e l: Is the doctor still examining the child?

1.

2. Are you discussing the new play?

3.

4.

No, the child has already been examined.

Are you translating the article?

No, the article has already been t ranslated.

No, the new play has already been discussed.

Are they still building the ground floor?

Is the secretary typing the letters?

No, the ground floor has already been built.

No, the letters have already been typed.

5. Is she still packing the parcel? No, the parcel has just been packed.

Exercise 5. Transform the following active constructions into passive ones. Leave out the doer of the action.

M o d e l A: Everyone can see this film soon.

This film can be seen soon.

It must be done at once.

The poem was to be learnt by heart.

1. He can easily translate this This article can be easily translated. article.

2. You must do it at once.

3. The students were to learn the poem by heart.

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4. They may change the day of the The day of the meeting may be meeting. changed.

5. You should learn the rules. The rules should be learnt.

6. They had to postpone their visit. Their visit had to be postponed.

Self-training Exercises Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

I. When is the mail brought in your house? 2. When are examination- papers written? 3. What plays by Shakespeare are staged at this theatre?

4. When was the Rostov State University founded? 5. Where were the last Olympic Games held? 6. When will the meeting be held? 7. Will the article be published before Friday? 8. Will all those who have failed be expelled from the University? 9. Which article is being translated now? 10. What rule was being explained when you entered the classroom?

II. How many metro stations have been built in Moscow? 12. Are you sure that the new school will have been built by September?

Exercise 2. Transform the sentences from Active into Passive.

1. The speaker stressed the importance of the Congress. 2. This actor will play the part of Hamlet. 3. The students have learnt a lot of new English words. 4. The director himself answered the phone. 5. Some­body recommended me to see that doctor. 6. They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation. 7. Somebody has locked the box and I cannot open it. 8. Our friends are making special prepa­rations.

Exercise 3. Transform the sentences from Passive into Active.

1. The student was asked to tell the story once again. 2. Moscow is very much admired by the visitors. 3. «King Lear» can be successfully performed by a group of amateurs. 4. The meal is being prepared now.

5. Many valuable paintings were destroyed by the fire. 6. Light and heat are given to us by the sun. 7. The question hasn’t been answered properly.

Exercise 4. Fill in each blank with the necessary form of the verb in the Passive Voice.

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1. The papers ... just by the dean (to sign). 2. The newspapers ... al­ready by me (to look through). 3. The proposal ... by that time (to dis­cuss). 4. The invitation ... tomorrow (to send). 5. The communiquй ... by 6 o’clock (to publish). 6. The new plan of the reconstruction of the town ... still (to work out). 7. The treaty ... tomorrow (to sign). 8. I knew that he ... to go out as he was not well (not to allow). 9. He left the hall when the first item of the agenda ... still (to discuss). 10. He could not understand why he ... by nobody for such a long time, (to visit). 11. What is going on here? — The results of the exam (discuss) by the students. 12. I just (offer) a ticket for the concert. 13. The article (to translate) by the time you return. 14. The computer (to test) in a few days. 15. The newspaper (to deliver) by 9 o’clock yesterday.

Exercise 5. Put questions to the words given in bold type.

1. English is spoken in many countries of the world. 2. The problem has been settled by the signing of the communiquй. 3. Only the best out of the best are admitted to the University. 4. A lecture will be delivered at 2 o’clock tomorrow. 5. A new rule is being explained now. 6. New under­ground lines are being built in Rostov. 7. The question of establishing a system of collective security has been raised. 8. Much had been learnt by the end of the term. 9. Many new books are being received by our library. 10. The telegram will have been delivered before they ring him up.

Exercise 6. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. My letter was answered at once. 2. We were joined by a group of our students in the Crimea. 3. These events were followed by a wave of strikes. 4. The lecture was attended by many students. 5. The terms were agreed upon. 6. We hope that an agreement will be arrived at. 7. He was listened to attentively. 8. This problem was not spoken about. 9. The doctor will be sent for at once. 10. This book was often referred to. 11. He was never heard of. 12. The terms were insisted upon. 13. They are taught French at school. 14. He was offered a new job. 15. We are paid twice a month.

Exercise 7. Translate into English.