Vocabulary

cram v. (infml.): Eight children were crammed into the back of the car.

crammed adj.

to be crammed with: The platform was crammed with people trying to board the train.

mole n. (=spy): They’ve discovered a mole at the Foreign Office. / A mole inside the Department of Transport had leaked secret proposals to the press.

crunch v.

to crunch on smth.: She was crunching noisily on an apple.

admiration n.

admiration for smb. / smth.: My admiration for that woman grows daily.

in admiration: She gazed in admiration at his broad, muscular shoulders.

to be full of / filled with admiration: I was filled with admiration for her courage.

admire v

to admire smb. / smth.: I admire the way she handles her staff. / I admired him for his determination.

admirable adj.: I think you showed admirable tact in your answer.

admiring adj.: Annette was getting lots of admiring looks in her new red dress.

admirer n.: She’s got a secret admirer who keeps sending her gifts.

budget n.

to draw up a budget: The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year.

within / below budget: Libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within budget.

family / weekly budget

budget v.: An extra ₤20 million has been budgeted for schools this year.

policy n.: What is your party’s policy on immigration?

Compare politics n.: She wants to go into politics (=become a politician).

doubtless adv.: They will doubtless protest, but there’s nothing they can do.

doubt v.

to doubt whether / if: I doubt if I can finish the work on time.

to doubt that: They had begun to doubt that it could be completed in time.

to doubt smth.: I don’t doubt his abilities.

doubt n.

to have doubts about: I have doubts about his ability to do the job.

beyond doubt: The prosecution has to establish his guilt beyond doubt.

no doubt: No doubt he was just trying to help.

in doubt: The future of the stadium is in doubt because of a lack of money.

without (a) doubt: She is without doubt the best student I have ever taught.

responsibility n.

to take / accept responsibility for smth.: She takes full responsibility for the accident.

to have responsibility for doing smth.: Jenny, you have responsibility for cleaning up the room after the class.

to claim responsibility for: Terrorists have claimed responsibility for yesterday’s bomb attack.

responsible adj.

to be responsible for smth. / doing smth.: Who is responsible for this terrible mess?

introduce v. (=put into use): The smaller 10 pence coin was introduced in 1992. / Such unpopular legislation is unlikely to be introduced before the next election.

Word combinations

to set out demands

on foot

by bike

with any luck

to be deprived of

to be (un)kind to

to be on the verge of

income tax

to be / get down in the dumps

to get things straight

to be caused by

to prevent smb. from doing smth.

to cut down on

to come to power

to speak up for

Exercises