Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Посібник для практичних занять (остаточний варі...doc
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
01.07.2025
Размер:
7.9 Mб
Скачать

20. Read the text below and answer the question in the title. Where do the names of ukrainian towns and cities come from?

There are many big cities and beautiful towns in Ukraine. Each of them has its own ancient name.

Some of the towns were na­med in honour of their founders or national heroes. Lviv, for exa­mple, was founded by Danylo of Halych. He gave his son's name Leo (Lev - in Ukrainian) to the town.

Other towns took their names after the local geo­graphical regions where they were built in. Kharkiv, Uzhgorod, Luhansk, Poltava, Teteriv grew on the banks of the rivers with the similar names.

21. Read and translate the text. Who were the cossacks?

The word "cossack" means a free and independent man. First Cossacks appeared many centuries ago in Ukraine. But the biggest glory belongs to Zaporizhian Cossacks. They were very brave and courageous people who loved freedom very much. Cossacks didn't want to be neither under the Turkish-Tatar yoke nor under the Polish one. And they didn't like Russian tsars. That's why they united in a single organization Zaporizhian Sich. The leader was called koshovyi otaman. The braviest one was Ivan Sirko who won many victories over the Turks and Polish magnates. The main idea of Zaporizhian Sich was to fight for independence of the native land. It was Russian Empress Catherine II who ruined Zaporizhian Sich. She didn't want Ukrainian cossacks to be free and independent people.

Many historians say that Zaporizhian Sich with its structure and rules was a good example of a democratic state. Due to many legends and songs we remember the names of these national heroes: Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Petro Doroshenko, Ivan Mazepa and Petro Sahaidachny... Their names will live in memory and hearts of true Ukrainians.

22. Complete the sentences according to the text above.

The word "cossack" means ... man. The biggest glory ... to Zaporizhian Cos­sacks.

Cossacks were ... people who loved ....

Cossacks didn't want to be neither under the Turkish-Tatar nor under the Polish one.

The ... was called koshovyi otaman. Ivan Sirko won many ... over the Turks and Polish magnates.

The main idea of Zaporizhian Sich was to fight for … of the native land.

Russian Empress Catherine II... Zaporizhian Sich. She didn't want Ukrainian cossacks to be ... people. Many... say that Zaporizhian Sich was a good example of a democratic state.

The names of... will live in memory and hearts of true Ukrainians.

23. Read the following text. Put 5 types of questions to it. Outstanding people of ukraine

Ukraine has given the world many brilliant names in literature, science, art, etc. Ukrainian culture is famous for its rich and ancient traditions. The names of Shevchenko, Hryhory Skovoroda, Ivan Franko, Lesia Ukrainka, Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky are known in the whole world. Due to them the Ukrainian language is considered to be one of most soft and musical languages.

Such prominent Ukrainian historians as Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Mykhailo Drahomanov and Ivan Krypyakevych made great contribution to the world historical science. Mykhailo Hrushevsky was the first President of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

The scientific activity and life of many world famous scientists such as Vernadsky, Zabolotny, Bohomolets, Pa­ton, Sklifosovsky, Filatov are closely connected with Ukraine.

The founder of the Ukrainian national composer school was Mykola Lysenko. His operas "Taras Bulba", "Natalka Poltavka", "Eneida" are still staged at the world's opera houses.

Ukrainian opera singers are warmly received in many countries. The best known soloists are Yevheniya Miroshnichenko and Dmytro Hnatiuk. Ukraine takes an active part in the world culture.