Aggregate, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate;
state, plastic state, in a plastic state, to deliver in a plastic state, to deliver to the job site in a plastic state;
variety, a wide variety, a wide variety of textures, a wide variety of surface textures, to provide a wide variety of surface textures;
strength, tensile strength, tensile strength of concrete;
tension, strong in tension;
compression, strong in compression.
Task 4
Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian (Russian) with the help of the vocabulary listed above.
Concrete. Properties and Use
Concrete is an artificial engineering material made from a mixture of portland cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates, and some air. It is the most widely used construction material in the world.
Concrete is the only major building material that can be delivered to the job site in a plastic state. This unique quality makes concrete desirable as a building material because it can be molded to virtually any form or shape. Concrete provides a wide variety of surface textures and colors and can be used to construct a wide variety of structures, such as highways and streets, bridges, dams, large buildings, airport runways, irrigation structures, breakwaters, piers and docks, sidewalks, silos and farm buildings, homes, and even barges and ships.
Other desirable qualities of concrete as a building material are its strength, economy, and durability. Depending on the mixture of materials used, concrete will support, in compression, 700 or more kg/sq cm (10,000 or more lb/sq in). The tensile strength of concrete is much lower, but by using properly designed steel reinforcing, structural members can be made that are as strong in tension as they are in compression. The durability of concrete is evidenced by the fact that concrete columns built by the Egyptians more than 3600 years ago are still standing.
Concrete Bridge
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Modern bridge construction for the Gateway Bridge over the Brisbane River in Australia uses lightweight and durable concrete reinforced with steel bars or mesh. Concrete is made from three components: an aggregate material such as sand or gravel, water, and the binding agent, portland cement.
Task 5
Restore the sentences. Consult the text above.
Concrete is made from a mixture of ….
The desirable qualities of concrete are ….
….a wide variety of surface textures and colors.
Concrete can be molded to virtually any.…
….such as highways, sidewalks and streets, bridges, dams, airport runways, irrigation structures, breakwaters, piers and docks.
Task 6
Answer the following questions using the information from the text.
What components is concrete usually made of?
What are the most desirable qualities of concrete?
What is the unique quality of concrete?
What compression can concrete support?
How can the tensile strength of concrete be increased?
Where can concrete be used?
What evidences the durability of concrete?
Task 7
Fill in the gaps with prepositions if necessary. Consult the text above.
1. Depending …. the mixture …. materials used, concrete will support, .… compression, 700 or more kg/sq cm.
2. Concrete provides a wide variety .… surface textures and colors.
3. Concrete is an artificial engineering material made …. a mixture .… portland cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates, and some air.
4. Concrete can be molded …. virtually any form or shape.
5. The durability of concrete is evidenced .… the fact that concrete columns built …. the Egyptians more than 3600 years ago are still standing.
Task 8
Transform the following sentences according to the model. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian (Russian).
Model
Concrete is made from a mixture of portland cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates, and some air. (what components)
What components is concrete made from?
The tensile strength of concrete can be increased by using steel reinforcing. (how)
Concrete can support in compression 700 or more kg/sq cm. (what compression)
Concrete can be delivered to the job site in a plastic state. (what state)
Concrete can be used to construct a wide variety of structures. (where)
Concrete can be molded to virtually any shape. (what shapes)
Task 9
Translate into English the following word-combinations.
1. Міцність, міцність на розтягання, низька міцність на розтягання, підвищити міцність на розтягання.
2. Речовина, зв'язувальна речовина.
3. Пластичний стан, доставляти на місце у пластичному стані.
4. Стиск, витримувати стиск.
5. Економічність, зносостійкість.
6. Розмаїтість, широка розмаїтість, широка розмаїтість текстур поверхні.