Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian (Russian) with the help of the vocabulary listed above. Cement. Cement Grades.

The term cement is often used interchangeably with glue and adhesive in engineering and building construction. The term usually refers to a finely powdered, manufactured substance consisting of gypsum plaster or portland cement that hardens and adheres after being mixed with water.

Cements are used for various purposes, such as binding sand and gravel together with portland cement to form concrete, for uniting the surfaces of various materials, or for coating surfaces to protect them from chemical attack.

Cements are made in a wide variety of compositions for a wide variety of uses. They may be named for the principal constituents, such as calcareous cement, which contains silica, and epoxy cement, which contains epoxy resins; for the materials they join, such as glass or vinyl cement; or for their characteristic property, such as hydraulic cement which hardens underwater (although various types of hydraulic cement are of ancient origin, hydraulic cements have been used only since the middle of the 18th century), or acid-resisting cement, or quick-setting cement.

Cements used in construction are sometimes named for their place of origin, like Roman cement, or for their resemblance to other materials, such as portland cement, which produces a concrete resembling the Portland stone used for building. Cements that resist high temperatures are called refractory cements.

Cements set, or harden, by the evaporation of the liquid plasticizer such as water, alcohol, or oil, by internal chemical change, by hydration, or by the growth of interlacing crystals. Other cements harden as they react with the oxygen or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Task 5

Answer the following questions using the information from the text.

1. What does the term ‘cement’ usually refer to?

2. What purposes are cements used for?

3. What name is used for cements containing silica?

4. Which grades of cement contain epoxy resins?

5. Which grades of cement set quickly?

6. Which grades of cement resist acids?

7. What name is used for cements that resist high temperatures?

Task 6

Fill in prepositions if necessary. Consult the text above.

1. Cements are used …. various purposes, …. uniting the surfaces .… various materials, or .… coating surfaces to protect them …. chemical attack.

2. Cements may be named …. the principal constituents, .… the materials they join, or .… their characteristic property.

3. Cements are sometimes named …. their place …. origin or .… their resemblance .… other materials.

4. Cements are made .… a wide variety …. compositions.

5. Cements harden .… the evaporation .… the liquid plasticizer, .… internal chemical change, …. hydration, or …. the growth .… interlacing crystals.

6. Some cements harden as they react .… the oxygen or carbon dioxide .… the atmosphere.

Task 7

Transform the following sentences according to the model. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian (Russian).

Model

Cement that contains silica is called calcareous cement.  Cement containing silica is called calcareous cement.

1. Cement, which contains epoxy resins, is called epoxy cement.

2. Cement, which hardens underwater, is called hydraulic cement.

3. Cements that resist high temperatures are called refractory cements.

4. Cements that set quickly are called rapid-setting cements.

5. Cement, which resists acids, is called acid-proof cement.

Task 8

Translate into English the following word-combinations.

1. Використовувати, використовувати для різних цілей, використовувати для з’єднання поверхонь, використовувати для нанесення покриття на поверхню.

2. Асортимент, різноманітний асортимент.

3. В’яжуча речовина.

4. Вогнетривкий цемент, кислототривкий цемент, гідратаційний цемент.

5. Хімічна реакція, внутрішня хімічна реакція.

6. Характерна властивість.

7. Головна складова частина.

8. Гідравлічне вапно.

9. Рідкий пластифікатор.

10. Хімічний вплив, уберігати від хімічної дії.

11. Вступати в реакцію, вступати в реакцію з киснем.

Task 9

Translate into English using the active vocabulary and the text above.

1. Цемент використовується для різних цілей, наприклад, для нанесення покритів на поверхні.

2. Цемент захищає поверхні від хімічної дії.

3. Цемент виробляють у різноманітному асортименті.

4. Існують різні види цементу, наприклад, кислототривкий цемент, гідратаційний цемент, вогнетривкий цемент т. ін.

5. Назва марки цементу часто відповідає назві основного хімічного компонента в його складі.

6. Цемент твердіє в результаті випарювання води, спирту, олії через внутрішні хімічні реакції, в результаті гідратації або внаслідок росту кристалів.

Task 10

Find in a special dictionary the Ukrainian or Russian equivalents of the following cement grades. Classify them into those named for their principal constituents, those named for their characteristic properties, and those named for the materials they join.

Alumina cement, asbestos cement, asphalt cement, bituminous cement, blast-furnace slag cement, blast-furnace cement, blended cement, calcareous cement, low-alkali cement, low-early-strength cement, low-grade cement, low-heat-of-hydration cement, low-heat cement, low-limed cement, low-slag cement, low-strength cement, pavement cement.