Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian with the help of the vocabulary listed above. First Smart Highways in the usa

Interest in intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS), or ‘smart’ highways, gathered momentum in the USA in 1994 as engineers continued to seek ways to ease traffic gridlock and collect data on pavement wear and several important projects were either completed or neared completion.

Houston was the first city to boast an innovative IVHS that used electronic tags affixed to automobiles — rather than sensors embedded in the pavement — to collect data on traffic conditions. Previously, these electronic tags (or transponders) had been used mostly to bill drivers for tolls. In Houston, however, messages transmitted to electronic readers along the roadsides were sent to a central facility where computers calculated travel times. The information was relayed to drivers via radio reports.

San Antonio had more traditional pavement sensors to collect information along 6 miles (10 kilometers) of highway. The new system included about 50 on-ramp changeable message signs and 359 lane-control signals on highways surrounding the downtown area, as well as 52 video cameras. Traffic information flew from 800 pavement sensors via fiber-optic cable to an operations control center for analysis by a high-speed computer. The computer could identify a problem on the road within two minutes and respond in 15 seconds.

In Minnesota, researchers constructed the smartest-ever stretch of highway: the 3-mile (5-kilometer), $25 million test road. It was a facility for studying the effects of heavy traffic and cold weather on pavement performance. Researchers used 4,500 sensors and 24 types of instruments, to gauge the effects of stress, strain, frost, temperature, and ground moisture on new pavement.

Task 5

Restore the sentences. Consult the text above.

1. Smart highway means ….

2. Several important IVH systems projects in the USA neared completion in.…

3. Houston was the first city to introduce….

4. Innovative IVH systems used electronic tags affixed to.…

5. IVH systems collected data on….

6. Messages from electronic tags were transmitted to …. and sent to....

7. Previously, electronic tags had been used mostly to bill….

8. The information was relayed to.….

9. In Minnesota, IVH systems were used to study the effects .…

Task 6

Answer the following questions using the information from the text.

1. What does IVHS mean?

2. What was innovative in the IVHS used in Houston?

3. Where in San Antonio was the new intelligent vehicle highway system embedded?

4. What components did the new intelligent vehicle highway system in San Antonio include?

5. How was traffic information transmitted from pavement sensors to the operations control center?

6. How fast could the central computer identify a problem on the road?

7. What did the sensors and other instruments gauge in the Minnesota smart test road?

Task 7

Fill in prepositions if necessary. Consult the text above.

1. This sensor gauges the effect .… temperature .… a pavement.

2. We have got a facility … studying the effects …. heavy traffic and cold weather … pavement performance.

3. It is necessary to collect data …. the pavement wear.

4. These transponders are used mostly to bill drivers …. tolls.

5. The information .… travel times is relayed .… drivers .… the central computer .… radio reports.

6. Now we use electronic tags affixed .… automobiles to collect data .… traffic conditions.

7. Traffic information is transmitted .… the pavement sensors .… fiber-optic cable .… an operations control center …. analysis .… a high-speed computer.

Task 8

Transform the following questions according to the model. Remember that the word-order in reported questions is the same as in a statement. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian (Russian).

Model

Where in the USA was an innovative IVHS first used?  I wonder where in the USA an innovative IVHS was first used.

1. Where were electronic tags affixed?

2. How was the information relayed to drivers?

3. Why was traffic information transmitted to the operations control center?

4. How fast was the computer able to identify a problem on the road?

5. What was the test road in Minnesota intended for?

6. Why were sensors embedded in the pavement?

Task 9

Translate into English the following word-combinations.

1. Диспетчерський пункт.

2. Шосе, експериментальне шосе, інтелектуальне шосе.

3. Сигнал, дорожній сигнал.

4. В’їзд, в’їзд на автомагістраль, похилий в’їзд на автомагістраль.

5. Зносостійкість, зносостійкість дорожнього покриття.

6. Інтелектуальний, інтелектуальна система, інтелектуальна система контролю, впроваджувати інтелектуальні системи контролю, впроваджувати інтелектуальні системи контролю на автошляхах.

7. Вологість, вологість грунту, вимірювати вологість грунту.

8. Плата за користування дорогою, реєструвати плату за користування дорогою.

9. Якість, якість дорожнього покриття, експлуатаційні якості дорожнього покриття, перевіряти експлуатаційні якості дорожнього покриття.

10. Кабель, волоконно-оптичний кабель, передавати інформацію через волоконно-оптичний кабель.

11. Ярлик, електронний ярлик, прикріплювати електронний ярлик, прикріплювати електронний ярлик до автомобіля.

12. Пристрій, центральний пристрій, посилати повідомлення на центральний пристрій.

Task 10

Translate the sentences into English using the active vocabulary and the text above.

1. Цікаво, для чого використовуються інтелектуальні системи контролю на автошляхах?

2. Цікаво, як вимірюється вологоємність грунту?

3. Цікаво, коли перевіряли експлуатаційні якості цього дорожнього покриття?

4. Цікаво, яка зносостійкість дорожнього покриття шосе Одеса-Київ?

5. Цікаво, де реєструється плата за користування цією дорогою?

6. Цікаво, що реєструє цій датчик?

Task 11

Speak on first smart highways in the USA.