Requirements for Present-day Roads

The importance of good roads, both nationally and internationally, is great. Modern roads should, as far as possible, possess the following principal features:

1.They should be designed according to the volume and speed of the traffic likely to use them.

2.Bends and gradients, where necessary, should always be slight.

3.Visibility should not be hindered.

4.They should be well and clearly signposted.

Adequate provision should be made for both cyclists and pedestrians with regard to their safety. Hedge and tree planting on the sides and central reservations should be arranged to provide a pleasant and interesting outlook for the road user, to avoid monotony and boredom.

In modern road construction, there is a much greater recognition of the importance of the subsoil beneath a road than years ago. It is regarded nowadays as an integral part of the road, and no longer as merely the formation on which to build a road. As a result, various methods have been devised in recent years to improve its quality and stability. Soil stabilization can be achieved in a number of ways, the most simple being mechanical.

In case of mechanical stabilization granular or cohesive materials are added to the subsoil. In dry climates it is often found necessary to add substances helping to retain sufficient moisture. Stabilization can also be effectively carried out by adding substances that harden the soil, and greatly increase its compressive strength.

The increasing volume of modern traffic, especially in the towns, indicates that there is an urgent need for road construction projects in the near future. This involves the construction of numerous auxiliary structures, such as bridges, flyovers, tunnels and underpasses.

Task 5

Restore the sentences. Consult the text above.

1. The increasing volume of modern traffic requires….

2. Modern roads should have.…

3. .…designed according to the volume and speed of the.…

4. Bends and gradients should be…..

5. Visibility shouldn’t be….

6. …. well lit and signposted.

7. To achieve high quality pavement it is necessary to .…

8. ….is the most simple way of soil stabilization.

9. Stabilization increases….

10. Modern roads include auxiliary structures, such as….

Task 6

Answer the following questions using the information from the text.

1. What principal features should modern roads possess?

2. What makes driving less monotonous and boring?

3. Why is soil stabilization so important?

4. What is added to the subsoil in case of mechanical stabilization?

5. What increases the compressive strength of the soil?

6. Why is there an urgent need for road construction projects?

Task 7

Fill in prepositions if necessary. Consult the text above.

1.Soil stabilization can be achieved .… a number of methods.

2.Tree planting is arranged …. the sides .…roads to provide a pleasant outlook .… the road user.

3.Adequate provision should also be made …. cyclists and pedestrians .… regard …. their safety.

4.… case .… mechanical stabilization granular or cohesive substances are added .… the subsoil.

5. There is an urgent need …. road construction projects …. the near future.

Task 8

Transform the the following sentences according to the model. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian (Russian).

Model

Trees should be planted on the sides and the central reservation of the road.  The trees have already been planted on the sides and the central reservation of the road.

1. The road should be well signposted.

2. Cohesive materials should be added to the subsoil.

3 The quality and stability of the motorway should be improved.

4. Substances helping to retain sufficient moisture should be used.

5. Adequate provision should be made for cyclists and pedestrians with regard to their safety.

Task 9

Translate into English the following word-combinations.

1. Міцність, міцність на стиск, підсилювати міцність на стиск.

2. Волога, утримувати вологу.

3. Забезпечення, достатнє забезпечення.

4. Матеріал, сипучий матеріал.

5. Ухил, незначний ухил, мати незначний ухил.

6. Грунт, стабілізація грунту, механічний спосіб стабілізації грунту, проводити стабілізацію грунту.

7. Спорудження, допоміжнє спорудження, будувати допоміжні спорудження.

8. Покажчик дороги, розміщення дорожніх покажчиків.

9. Видимість, гальмувати видимість на дорогах.

Task 10

Translate into English using the active vocabulary and the text above.

Проект автотраси виконано відповідно до сучасних стандартів. Він передбачає поліпшення освітлення та видимості, зменшення градієнту, розміщення дорожніх покажчиків і посадку дерев на узбіччях. При укладанні траси буде використовуватися механічний спосіб стабілізації грунта. Проект включає дві естакади і тунель.

Task 11

You are a road engineer. Speak on requirements to present-day roads.