- •I'd like to present the topic …
- •2. What is Marketing?
- •1.Marketing is a process of planning, designing, pricing, promoting and distributing ideas, goods and services, in order to satisfy customer needs, so as to make a profit.
- •4. Marketing Mix
- •5. Financial and Banking System of the uk
- •I'd like to present the topic 'Financial and Banking System of the uk'
- •7.If you read or listen to the popular media, you might get the impression that the Dow Jones Industrial Average, usually just the Dow, is the pulse of the market.
- •11.The Dow Jones Industrial Average is the oldest and most widely known index.
- •8. What is accounting (облік)
- •2) Accounting and its definition:
- •3) Accounting as a service activity:
- •4) Accounting and bookkeeping, the most spread confusion of the terms.
- •9. Business Transactions and Financial Statements (фінансовий звіт та ділові операції)
- •10. Budgets and budgeting
- •6. The Stock Exchange(біржі)
- •If you read or listen to the popular media, you might get the impression that the Dow Jones Industrial Average, usually just the Dow, is the pulse of the market.
- •The Dow Jones Industrial Average is the oldest and most widely known index.
10. Budgets and budgeting
All businesses need to plan for the future. Planning for the future falls into three time periods: long-term, medium-term and short-term. So, planning for these three time periods needs different approaches.
A budget can be defined as a planning and control tool relevant to the management of a business.
The main purposes of budgeting are: a) assistance in the assessment and evaluation of different courses of possible actions, b) creation of a motive in stating targets, c) monitoring of the effectiveness of performance.
Most budgets are prepared for the forthcoming financial year, and are usually broken down into shorter time periods, commonly monthly. It enables control over the budget. The end result of the budgeting process is the production of a master budget which takes the form of estimated operating statements together with estimated balance sheet at the end of the budgetary period.
An important aspect of budgetary planning is to test feasibility before submitting the master budget for the approval of the owner or board of directors.
Once the budget has been approved by the owner or the board of directors, it becomes the official plan of the business for the period of the budget.
The advantages of budgeting are as follows: the budget establishes targets for the business as a whole in the form of a master budget and targets for section managers in the form of subsidiary budgets.
Всі підприємства повинні будувати плани на майбутнє. Плани на майбутнє ділиться на три тимчасових періоди: довгострокових, середньострокових і короткострокових. Так, планування цих трьох періодів часу необхідні різні підходи.
Бюджет може бути визначена як інструмент планування і контролю інструменту, який стосується регулювання бізнесу.
Основними цілями бюджету є: а) допомогу в оцінці та оцінці різних курсів можливих дій, б) створення мотиву в заявивши цілей, в) моніторинг ефективності виконання.
Більшість бюджетів готуються до майбутнього фінансовий рік, і, як правило, розбивається на більш короткі періоди часу, зазвичай щомісяця. Це дозволяє контролювати бюджет. Кінцевим результатом процесу бюджетування є виробництво майстер бюджету, який приймає форму розрахункових операційних звітності разом з розрахунковою балансі на кінець бюджетного періоду.
Планування бюджету координується членів бухгалтерію.
Важливим аспектом бюджетного планування полягає у перевірці можливості перед відправкою зведеного бюджету на затвердження власникові або ради директорів.
Після того, як бюджет був затверджений власником або ради директорів, він стає офіційним план бізнесу на період бюджету.
Переваги бюджетування є: бюджет встановлює цілі для бізнесу в цілому у вигляді майстер-бюджету і цілей для менеджерів розділі у вигляді допоміжних бюджетів.
6. The Stock Exchange(біржі)
The presentation of the topic "The Stock Exchange"
If a company wishes to raise more money for expansion it can issue new shares. These are frequently offered to existing shareholders at less than their market price: this is known as a rights issue. Companies may also turn part of their profit into capital by issuing new shares to shareholders instead of paying dividends. This is known as a bonus issue or scrip issue or capitalisation issue in Britain, and as a stock dividend or stock split in the US. American corporations are also permitted to reduce the amount of their capital by buying back their own shares, which are then known as treasury stock; in Britain this is generally not allowed, in order to protect companies' creditors. If a company sells shares at above their par value, this amount is recorded in financial statements as share premium (GB) or paid-in surplus (US).
At the London Stock Exchange, share transactions do not have to be settled until the account day or settlement day at the end of a two-week accounting period. This allows speculators to buy shares hoping to resell them at a higher price before they actually pay for them, or to sell shares, hoping to buy them back at a lower price.
The Financial Times-Stock Exchange (FT-SE) 100 Share Index (known as the "Footsie") records the average value of the 100 leading British shares, and is updated every minute during trading. The most important US index is the Dow Jones Industrial Average