- •1. Outline Comparative Stylistics as a science: object, subject, theory and practice.
- •3. Speak on the functional styles of the English and Ukrainian
- •6. Speak on the Stylistic analysis on the graphic level.
- •7. Specify syntactic stylistic devices.
- •15. Speak on word meaning: the problem of definition, referential and functional approaches to meaning.
- •16. Polysemy and homonymy
- •23. The category of Voice: passive voice in English and Ukrainian
- •26. Specifu the goals of translation.
- •27.Outline the functions of translation.
- •28. Speak on the objectives of the Theory of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •30.Speak on translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •Germany- Albrecht von Eyb (translator of Plautu’s works),Heinrich Steinhowel (translator of Aesop’s and Boccaccio’s works)
- •32. Speak on translation during the period of Classicism and Enlightenment.
- •33.Speak on the epoch of Romanticism and Establishment of the principles of
- •34.Dwell on translation in Ukraine.
- •35. Specifu criteria for translation classification.
- •37.Dwell on genre classification of translation.
- •39.Specify equivalents in translation: the notion of equivalence.
- •4O.Elucidate formal vs. Dynamic equivalence.
- •4 1 .Elucidate referential vs. Functional equivalence.
- •43.Speak on differentiation of meaning.
- •44. Speak on generalization of meaning.
- •45. Speak on semantic development of meaning.
- •46. Speak on antonymic translation.
- •48.Elucidate basic translation devices.
26. Specifu the goals of translation.
Translators may be called upon to translate just about anything. Any text, message, fragment of a message or code element may need to be translated. A comprehensive list of materials that are commonly translated would include software programs, video games, software on-line help systems, insurance contracts, extradition proceedings, film sub-titles, songs, film dialogues, all kinds of soundtracks, drug dosage instructions, obituaries, mail catalogues, mobile phone instructions, marketing certificate applications, sales contracts, health certificates, user manuals (millions of them), parts lists, commercial statistics, registry office certificates, educational qualifications and certificates, confidential diplomatic memos, advertising leaflets, adverts, magazine and newspaper articles, alarms system documentation, customer complaints, the faxed minutes of a meeting before the next session starts, poems, novels, short stories, biographies, bills of lading and customs forms, post card titles, medical files, extradition requests, technical memos, annual reports, letters to the shareholders, DNA analysis reports, machine user instructions, patents, and many more. Nor is language-based material the only type of material that comes up for translation: graphic images, alphanumerical data, video graphic material or pictograms, computer code or other types of code, sound, noise, signs, colors and signals, may also have to be “translated” into other codes or languages. The translator may for instance have to inform the client that a color which is a symbol of happiness and optimism in European cultures is a symbol of death in certain Far-Eastern cultures, and that it may be worth changing the graphic chart for the documentation accordingly. The list of materials that the translator may be called on to “translate” is endless.
27.Outline the functions of translation.
Translation plays a very significant role in cultural development of mankind. It is only on the basis of translation that communication and mutual intercourse and interchange between peoples speaking different languages become possible. Not a single contact at the international level can be established or maintained without the help of translators or interpreters. Different international bodies (E.E.C. – European economic Council, the I.M.F. – the International Monetary Fund or the United nations Organization) can function smoothly only thanks to the army of translators and interpreters representing different states and working in many different national languages. Numerous branches of national economies too can keep up with the up-to-date development and progress in the modern world thanks to the everyday translating of scientific and technical matter covering various fields of human knowledge and activities. Thus we may outline the main functions of translation as following:
Scientific and technical – it fosters the progress in various fields of science and technology in all countries of the world.
Social and political - it provides the dissemination of political ideas, of social and political knowledge in different field of science.
Cultural - it is also a perfect means of sharing achievements and enriching national literatures and cultures.
Linguistic - it promotes the enrichment of lexicon and of the means of expression in the target language.
Educational – one of the means of teaching foreign language