- •1. Outline Comparative Stylistics as a science: object, subject, theory and practice.
- •3. Speak on the functional styles of the English and Ukrainian
- •6. Speak on the Stylistic analysis on the graphic level.
- •7. Specify syntactic stylistic devices.
- •15. Speak on word meaning: the problem of definition, referential and functional approaches to meaning.
- •16. Polysemy and homonymy
- •23. The category of Voice: passive voice in English and Ukrainian
- •26. Specifu the goals of translation.
- •27.Outline the functions of translation.
- •28. Speak on the objectives of the Theory of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •30.Speak on translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •Germany- Albrecht von Eyb (translator of Plautu’s works),Heinrich Steinhowel (translator of Aesop’s and Boccaccio’s works)
- •32. Speak on translation during the period of Classicism and Enlightenment.
- •33.Speak on the epoch of Romanticism and Establishment of the principles of
- •34.Dwell on translation in Ukraine.
- •35. Specifu criteria for translation classification.
- •37.Dwell on genre classification of translation.
- •39.Specify equivalents in translation: the notion of equivalence.
- •4O.Elucidate formal vs. Dynamic equivalence.
- •4 1 .Elucidate referential vs. Functional equivalence.
- •43.Speak on differentiation of meaning.
- •44. Speak on generalization of meaning.
- •45. Speak on semantic development of meaning.
- •46. Speak on antonymic translation.
- •48.Elucidate basic translation devices.
48.Elucidate basic translation devices.
Basic translation devices are:
1.partitioning
2.integration
3.transposition
4.replacement
5.addition
6.omission
These devices are replied as tools to ensure adequate translation. In translation of poetry a translator is bound to use a more or less standard set of devices, which helps to convey the ideas of the source text in the best possible way.
Although the choice of particular devices depends on the text type genre and style as well as on the translation variety (oral, written, consecutive, simultaneous).
Partitioning is either replacing in translation of the source sentence by two or more target ones or converting a simple source sentence into a compound or complex target one.
Integration is an opposite of partitioning. It implies combining two or more source sentences into one target sentence. Елена Филиппьева любит все свои роли, если какую-нибудь из них не исполняет, начинает по ней скучать. - Elena Philipyeva loves her roles and even misses them should too much time pass without performing them.
Transposition is a peculiar variety of inner patitioning intransaltion meaning a change in the order of the target sentence syntactic elements (subject, predicate, and object) as compound with that of the source sentence dictated either by peculiarities of the target language syntax or by the communication intend. E.g. ниоткуда появились ведерки из подпатоки – malasses buckets appeared from nowhere.
Replacement is any change in the target text at the morphological lexical and syntactic levels of the language, when the elements of certain source paradigms are replaced by different elements of target paradigms. He used to come to Italy each spring - обычно он приезжал в италию каждую весну.
The following basic types of replacements are observed in English - Russian translation:
1.replacement of noun number and verb tense and voice paradigms. e.g. replacing singular form by plural and vise verse; replacement of active voice by passive? Replacement of future by present; past by present
2.replacement of parts of speech (the most common is replacing Russian nouns by English verbs, when translating into English)
3.replacement in translation of a negative statementby an affirmative one is an efficient device called antonymous translation
Addition in translation is a device intended for the compensation of structural elements implicitly present in the source text or paradigm forms missing in the target language. (According “to Times” – по данным газеты Таймс.
Omission is reduction of the elements of the source text considered redundant from the view point of a target language structural patterns and stylistics. Omission is the opposite of addition - E.g. предложение было отвергнуто– the proposal was rejected and repudiated