- •1. Outline Comparative Stylistics as a science: object, subject, theory and practice.
- •3. Speak on the functional styles of the English and Ukrainian
- •6. Speak on the Stylistic analysis on the graphic level.
- •7. Specify syntactic stylistic devices.
- •15. Speak on word meaning: the problem of definition, referential and functional approaches to meaning.
- •16. Polysemy and homonymy
- •23. The category of Voice: passive voice in English and Ukrainian
- •26. Specifu the goals of translation.
- •27.Outline the functions of translation.
- •28. Speak on the objectives of the Theory of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •29.Dwell on the earliest mentions of Translation.
- •30.Speak on translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
- •Germany- Albrecht von Eyb (translator of Plautu’s works),Heinrich Steinhowel (translator of Aesop’s and Boccaccio’s works)
- •32. Speak on translation during the period of Classicism and Enlightenment.
- •33.Speak on the epoch of Romanticism and Establishment of the principles of
- •34.Dwell on translation in Ukraine.
- •35. Specifu criteria for translation classification.
- •37.Dwell on genre classification of translation.
- •39.Specify equivalents in translation: the notion of equivalence.
- •4O.Elucidate formal vs. Dynamic equivalence.
- •4 1 .Elucidate referential vs. Functional equivalence.
- •43.Speak on differentiation of meaning.
- •44. Speak on generalization of meaning.
- •45. Speak on semantic development of meaning.
- •46. Speak on antonymic translation.
- •48.Elucidate basic translation devices.
1. Outline Comparative Stylistics as a science: object, subject, theory and practice.
Stylistics is a branch of general linguistics. Comparative stylistics is a sub.eld of stylistics that attempts to account for the differences in style between languages. Stylistics – is regarded as a lang-ge science which deals with the results of the act of communication. The object of stylistic analysis is the language in the process of its usage. There are 2 basic objects of stylistics: stylistic devices and figures of speech functional styles special linguistic means which secure the desirable effect of the utterance; certain types of texts “discourse” which due to the choice and arrangement of the language are distinguished by the pragmatic aspect of communication. The subject of stylistics can be outlined as the study of the nature, functions and structure of stylistic devices on the one hand and on the other the study of each style of language, its aim, its structure, its characteristic features and the effect it produces, as well as its interrelation with other styles of language. English language as being divided into three main layers: the literary layer, the neutral layer and the colloquial layer. The literary and the colloquial layers contain a number of subgroups each of which has a property it shares with all the subgroups within the layer. This common property, which unites the different groups of words within the layer may be called its aspect. The aspect of the literary layer is its markedly bookish character. It is this that makes the layer more or less stable. The aspect of the colloquial layer of words is its lively spoken character. It is this that makes it unstable, fleeting. |
2. Dwell on the stylistic differentiation of the English and Ukrainian vocabulary The vocabulary of the English language consists of three main layers, literary, neutral, and collegial. Literary layer maybe subdivided into common literary words, terms, poetic words, archaic words, barbarism and foreign words, neologisms. Within the collegial vocabulary we distinguish: common collegial words slang jargons, professional words, dialectical words, vulgar words. The neutral layer can be found both in the literary and collegial vocabulary and has no stylistic coloring common literary words have a neutral character to begin, to eat, child, food, money, and prison. Terms – are words denoting nations of special fields of knowledge. Ex: linguistics phoneme, amplitude, anode, electron pain, and antibiotic. Archaic words are those which are not used now, expect special purposes thee, thy, hath (has) makert (make), whay (no). Barbarisms are words, which came into the English vocabulary from other languages and have retained their spelling in pronunciation. In many cases they have English synonyms chic (stylish), bon mot (a clever saying) adieu (good buy). Another group of barbarisms are foreign words, easy to recognize through spelling: en blena (well) voila (there you are) c`estca (that’s it) allez (come on). The stylistic function of barbarisms and foreign words is to create local coloring. Neologism appear when there is the need to express new ideas and nations. They are produced in accordance with the existing word – building models of the English language. Professions may not understand the jargons. Exam (examination), maths (mathematics), prof (profession), a big gun (an important person), a sewing machine (machine gun), an egg (an inexperienced aviator). Professional words are the words used in certain spheres of human activity, mining industry: picks, (parts of mining device, tool) remote (a distant drift) sea: tin – fish (submarine) sparks (radior operator). The function of the professionalism are different to characterize the speech of a person, to make, the description more realistic and precise. Dialectical words are such words that are connected with a certain area on region. Ex: a lass (a girl or beloved) a lad (a boy or young man) daft (unsound, silly) all of them belong to Scottish dialect and: volk (folk, zee (see) – Southern dialect. Irish: nurley – (hockey), colcen – (girl). Vulgar words – are words market by coarseness of speech or expression they or offensive, indecent. |