- •Productive and minor ways of word information in English
- •2 Major groups of word formation:
- •2) The problem of word. Types of morphemes
- •6. The category of mood/the indicative, imperative ,subjunctive
- •7. English vocabulary as system.
- •8. The existence of other voices in modern English besides active and passive.
- •9 Etymological surveys in the English vocabulary. Native words and borrowings.
- •10 The category of voice. The active and passive voice.
- •11 Lexicography as the science of comparing types of dictionaries
- •2 Some of the main problems of lexicology
- •12The problem of future in the past
- •13 Old English nominal categories
- •14 The verb and category tense
- •15 Old English system of words
- •16 The noun. The category of case
- •17. Parts of speech. Different classification of parts of speech. The concept of the part of speech
- •18. Origin of literary English.
- •19. The subject of theoretical grammar. Morphology and sintax
- •22. Articulatory and physiological classification of English sounds.
- •23.The peculiarities of old English finite and nonfinite forms of the verb.
- •24.Semasiology.Different approaches to the study of meaning.
- •25.Etymology.
- •26.Phonetic as the science.
- •27.The definition of the science.
- •28.Stress.Strong and weak forms. 29.30.3.7.8.15.18.
23.The peculiarities of old English finite and nonfinite forms of the verb.
Finite Verbs
Finite Verbs are those verbs that have a definite relation with the subject or noun. These verbs are usually the main verb of a clause or sentence and can be changed according to the noun. They are used only in present and past tense. They can be indicative of passive or active voice and also of number (singular or plural).
She walks home. - Here we see that the finite verb is walks and the pronoun is 'she'.
She walked home. - Here we can see how the verb changed/modified to change the tense of the sentence.
Non-Finite Verbs
These verbs cannot be the main verb of a clause or sentence as they do not talk about the action that is being performed by the subject or noun. They do not indicate any tense, mood or gender. They are used as nouns, adverbs and adjectives. They are also used to form non-finite clauses which are simply dependent clauses that use non-finite verbs.
He loves camping in the woods. - Here the non-finite verb is camping and it is used as a noun. These kind of non-finite verbs are called Gerunds.
I need to go to sleep. - Here the non- finite verb phrase is to sleep, it is acting as a noun. Non-finite verbs that use ‘to’ before them are called Infinitives. The sleeping dog caused a delay. - The nonfinite verbs that have ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’ as suffixes and cause the verb to come an adjective are called
24.Semasiology.Different approaches to the study of meaning.
Semasiology (meaning + science/study).
Different approaches to study meaning:
1) referential approach (the basic triangle)
2) functional approach
3) operational or informational-oriented
1) The basic triangle
The sound form is not identical to its meaning because one of the same meaning is conveyed with the help of different words
The concept is the sort of idea of the object and is a category of human cognition and thus meaning is not identical of concept.
Concepts are universal but meanings are nationally determined.
Meaning is not identical with referent either, because meaning and referent belong to different spheres. Meaning – linguistical sphere. Referent – sphere of a real life.
Meaning is not identical to all 3 angels of triangle.
It is expression of the concept fixed in a sound form (letters / sounds).
Any word is two-facet unit: it has a sound form (outer form) and has meaning (inner form).
2) Functional approach is characterized by the assertion that the meaning of a linguistic unit can be studied only through its relation to other linguistic units
Meaning thus is viewed as a function of the distribution
3) Operational or informational-oriented approach defines meaning through its role of the process in communication. It began to develop when linguists were interested of the communication aspect of the language. Within this approach the object of study was shifted to the relationships between the language we use and the situations in which we use the language.
Meaning is define as information conveyed from the speaker to the slistner in the process of communication.