
- •2. What is the most efficient economic system? 2/How does the market operate?
- •3. Why is competition an important force of the market?
- •4. Are businesses today free in their policies?
- •III. 9. What does the notion “function policy” mean?
- •10. What is fiscal policy?
- •IV. 11. What are taxes?
- •12. What functions do taxes perform?
- •13. Are businesses taxed equally?
- •14. Which kind of taxation in the usa?
- •15. How is taxation levied in the uk?
- •V. 16. Corporate income tax.
- •17. Individual income tax: Indirect taxes. Excises.
- •3. Indirect taxes
- •18. Value added tax.
- •19. Social tax and Property tax.
- •VI. 20. What is the major sector of any modern monetary system?
- •21. What functions do central banks perform?
- •22. What kinds of the main instruments the nbk has been using?
- •23. What is the structure of the frs?
- •24. What functions and services does the “Fed” perform?
- •25. What services do banks offer?
- •27. What are the more recent developments in banking? Retail and wholesale banking.
- •28. In what ways are individuals affected by international monetary developments
- •29. What is the international monetary system?
- •30. What are the international monetary relations governed by? The major International monetary
- •Institutions.
- •IX. 31. How can financial market be classified?
- •32. What ways of raising capital are available for governments?
- •34. The history of emergency and growth of stock exchanges.
- •35. Where were best organized stock markets established?
- •36. What are the basic types of stock markets? How are they conducted?
V. 16. Corporate income tax.
The corporate income tax occupies a significant place in receipts of the state budget of Kazakhstan.
The mechanism of taxation by corporate income tax defines the order of calculation, payment, condition of collection, privilege and sanction, terms of payment of the tax by the legal person.
The tax is paid by the legal persons, residents of Republic of Kazakhstan receiving income, including noncommercial and budget organizations under the incomes of enterprise activity.
Object of taxation is:
taxable income;
income taxed at a source of payment;
net income of the person-of nonresidents who is carrying out activity in Republic of Kazakhstan through constant establishment
17. Individual income tax: Indirect taxes. Excises.
The payers of individual are the physical persons, foreign physical persons. Object of taxation is the income taxed at a source of payment and the income, not taxed at a source of payment.
To the incomes of tax bearer taxed at a source of payment concern: the income of the worker (incomes, charged by the employers reduced for the sum of tax deductions; the income the worker in the natural form; income as a material benefit); other incomes of natural persons of fiscal agents, the income of single payments; pension payments from accumulated pension funds; the income dividends, compensations, prizes; the grants (expect for paid the trainee in organizations of education, in the sizes established by the legislation of Republic of Kazakhstan for the state grants); income under the contracts of insurance.
3. Indirect taxes
Indirect taxes express fiscal interests of the state. Their reasonable application can positively influence on process of pricing and on pattern of consumption. Use of consumption taxes what excises are, the tax from sales the value-added tax, is more preferable, as:
from them it is more difficult to evade;
to them it is less connected with economic infringements;
they reduce stimulus to work less;
for them anonymity
Excises – taxes to the goods included in the prices and paid by the buyer. The excises are paid by the manufacturers of the goods having by virtue of the specific properties exclusively high prices and steady demand. Within excises service can be taxed, thus the sum of the tax is included in the tariff.
18. Value added tax.
The payer of the tax compensates suffered as a result of its payment to the state of loss by increase of the prices and shifts payment of the tax on the buyer. object of taxation is taxed turnover and taxed import.
Taxed turnover is the turnover made by the payer of the tax to added cost:
1) on realization of the goods, expect for free turnover;
2) on purchase of jobs, services from nonresident, tax, not being the payer, to added cost in Republic of Kaz.
3) on the rests of goods, on which the tax to added cost was referred to offset
The size of a taxed turnover is defined on the basis of cost of the sold goods, jobs, services proceeding from the used prices and tariffs, without inclusion in them the VAT