- •2. What is the most efficient economic system? 2/How does the market operate?
- •3. Why is competition an important force of the market?
- •4. Are businesses today free in their policies?
- •III. 9. What does the notion “function policy” mean?
- •10. What is fiscal policy?
- •IV. 11. What are taxes?
- •12. What functions do taxes perform?
- •13. Are businesses taxed equally?
- •14. Which kind of taxation in the usa?
- •15. How is taxation levied in the uk?
- •V. 16. Corporate income tax.
- •17. Individual income tax: Indirect taxes. Excises.
- •3. Indirect taxes
- •18. Value added tax.
- •19. Social tax and Property tax.
- •VI. 20. What is the major sector of any modern monetary system?
- •21. What functions do central banks perform?
- •22. What kinds of the main instruments the nbk has been using?
- •23. What is the structure of the frs?
- •24. What functions and services does the “Fed” perform?
- •25. What services do banks offer?
- •27. What are the more recent developments in banking? Retail and wholesale banking.
- •28. In what ways are individuals affected by international monetary developments
- •29. What is the international monetary system?
- •30. What are the international monetary relations governed by? The major International monetary
- •Institutions.
- •IX. 31. How can financial market be classified?
- •32. What ways of raising capital are available for governments?
- •34. The history of emergency and growth of stock exchanges.
- •35. Where were best organized stock markets established?
- •36. What are the basic types of stock markets? How are they conducted?
III. 9. What does the notion “function policy” mean?
Financial policy is a very complex nation covering measures aimed at working out basic concepts, major guidelines, goals and objectives, as well as at creating an adequate financial mechanism and at directing financial activities of a country. Financial policy is based on strategic guidelines which set long-term and medium-term prospects for using financial resources and ensure attainment of major economic targets and solution of goals in the social sphere. At the same time a country pursuing its financial policy sets current goals and objectives connected with mobilization and effective utilization of resources and development of productive forces.
10. What is fiscal policy?
Central to these solutions is fiscal policy. Fiscal is the policy adopted by a government for raising revenue to meet expenditure. For countries that now face unsustainable fiscal deficits, financial stabilization represents a top priority.
IV. 11. What are taxes?
Taxes are a compulsory financial contribution by a person or body of persons towards the expenditure of a public authority. In modern economies taxes a the most important source of government revenue. Taxes on income and on capital are known as ‘direct’ taxes. Taxes on commodities or services are known as ‘indirect’ taxes.
12. What functions do taxes perform?
Taxes are considered to have three functions: a) fiscal or budgetary, to cover government expenditure, to provide the public authorities with the revenue required for meeting the cost of defense, social services, interest payments on the national debt, municipal services, etc; b) economic, to give effect to economic policy, to promote stable economic growth, to influence the rate of economic growth of the nation; c) social, to increase the economic welfare of the community, to lessen inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth.
13. Are businesses taxed equally?
Businesses and individuals are subject to many forms of taxes. The various forms of business organization are not taxed equally. The tax situation is simplest for proprietorships and most partnerships; corporations or companies are treated differently.
14. Which kind of taxation in the usa?
In the USA nearly all of the federal government’s revenues come from taxes. By far the most important source of tax revenue is the personal in come tax. gross receipts from corporate income taxes yield a far smaller percentage of total federal receipts. Individual states levy their own taxes. This often imposes a double tax burden. When the after-tax income is paid out to stock – holders as dividends, it is then taxed again as personal income.
15. How is taxation levied in the uk?
In the UK there is no single code of tax law, the body of tax legislation being increased by each year’s Finance Act. The UK operates a ‘scheduler’ system, whereby taxable income from different sources is calculated and taxed under the rules of a particular ‘scheduler’.