- •What forms does the English verb have (sets of forms)? What is the difference in these forms?
- •How may the verbs be subdivided into in accordance with their lexical meaning? Give their definitions.
- •What do dynamic and stative verbs denote? What are terminative and non-terminative verbs? What are transitive and intransitive verbs?
- •What grammatical categories do the finite forms of the verb have? What are they? What are synthetic and analytical forms?
- •What factors govern the choice between aspect forms?
- •What are the main restrictions to the use of passive constructions?
- •What is the difference in the indication of a posterior event by a common form or a continuous form?
- •14. When is a perfect form not used?
- •15. What is the “Stative Passive”? Give examples.
- •16. What is the difference in presentation of the event by the constructions “used to do” and “would do”?
- •18. Troublesome verbs
- •19. What is the “Sequence of Tenses”?
- •20. Direct and indirect speech.
- •21. What nouns are called countable and uncountable?
- •22. What groups of concrete nouns do you know?
- •23. What groups of uncountable nouns do you know?
- •25. Irregular plural noun.
- •26. What nouns can be countable or uncountable depending upon their meaning in the context?
- •27 What cases deoes the English noun have? Do these cases have endings?
- •28 What is the genetive case? How is it formed?
- •29 What nouns can be used in the genetive case?
- •30 What are “participial adjectives”?
- •31 What adjectives have degree of comparison and how are they formed?
- •32 In what cases do adjectives follow nouns they refer to?
- •38 Comparative constructions.
- •39 Substantivized adjectives.
- •Adjectives after verbs.
- •What morphological characteristics do adverbs have?
- •What adverbs form degrees of comparison synthetically?
- •What adverbs form degrees of comparison analytically?
- •Word order – adverbs with a verb.
- •Forms of “other”.
- •Expressions of quantity.
- •What pronouns have a conjoint form and an absolute form?
- •53 What pronouns are used to form emphatic constructions?
- •54 What pronouns are used to specify objects from the point of vew of their number or quantity?
- •55 What pronouns would you use to make a statement of a general character?
- •56 What may prepositions indicate?
- •57 How can prepositions be subdivided in accordance with their meaning?
- •63. “For, during and while” – grammatical difference
- •64. Does a noun always co-occur with an article?
- •65. What other noun modifiers are frequent in English?
- •66. What article indicates that the object denoted by the noun is unique or specifically known to the speaker (writer) and the hearer (reader)?
- •67. What is a limiting attribute?
- •68. What groups of nouns are preferably used without articles?
- •69. When can we use the article “a” before words beginning with a vowel?
- •70. When do we use the article “an” before words beginning with a consonant?
- •71. What article do we use when we give a person’s job title or their unique position?
- •72. When can we use the article “the” before the names of particular people?
- •73. When can we use the indefinite article or sometimes “zero article” with a name?
- •74. What articles are traditionally used with proper names denoting individual living beings? What change of meaning of the proper name does the indefinite article indicate?
- •75. What proper names denoting inanimate objects are preferably used without articles or with the definite article?
- •76. The usage of articles with the name of meals.
- •77. What articles do we use with such nouns as: “school, prison, hospital, university, church”?
- •78. What articles should we use for musical instruments?
- •92. Gerundial constructions
- •93. The infinitive. The syntactical and morphological features of the infinitive
- •94. Participial constructions.
- •96. What are the principal grammatical functions of the verbals in the sentence?
- •97. What verbals can be used as subject or object?
- •98. What are the verbs which can be followed by –ing or to with a difference of meaning?
- •99. The use of the “bare infinitive”
- •3) I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I had known I would have gone to
- •When can we omit “if” in conditional sentences?
- •What do “wish sentences” express? How are they formed? How are they translated into Russian?
- •Using like, as if, as though in sentences. What are they followed by in sentences? Is the idea “true” or “untrue”?
- •118. What are the peculiarities of the modal verbs?
- •119. The modal verb “can”
- •120. The modal verb “may”
- •121. The modal verb “must”
- •122. The verb “need”
- •123. The verb “shall”
- •124. The verb “will”
- •125. Look #123.
- •126. Had better It’s time...
- •It’s time...
16. What is the difference in presentation of the event by the constructions “used to do” and “would do”?
Would can be used to express an action that was repeated regularly in the past. When would is used to express this idea, it has the same meaning as used to (habitual past)
When I was child, my father would read me a story at night before bed time.
Used to expresses a habitual situation that existed in the past. In this case, would may not be used as an alternative. Would is used only for regularly repeated actions in the past.
He used to live in California
They used to have a Ford.
17. The difference between “gone (to)” and “been (to)”? Been is the past participle of the verb to go when the trip has finished:
They have been to Brazil.
This means that they went to Brazil some time in the past and they have finished their time there.
Gone is the past participle of the verb to go when the trip hasn't finished yet.
John's gone to work.
This means that John is still at work.
18. Troublesome verbs
Transitive |
Intransitive |
raise, raised, raised
|
rise, rose, risen
|
set, set, set
|
sit, sat, sat
|
lay, laid, laid
|
lie, lay, lain
|
Raise, set, and lay are transitive verbs; they are followed by an object. Rise, sit, and lie are intransitive; i.e., they are NOT followed by an object.
19. What is the “Sequence of Tenses”?
When you say smth in reported speech in the past you should change tenses according to the sequences of tenses:
Direct speech Indirect speech
The Present Simple The Past Simple
The Present Progressive The Past Progressive
The Past Simple The Past Perfect
The Present Perfect The Past Perfect
The Future Tenses The-Future-in-the-Past Tenses
The Past Progressive The Past Perfect Progressive
The Past Perfect does not change
We also must change the following time and place words:
Direct Speech |
Indirect Speech |
this, these now here today tomorrow the day after tomorrow yesterday the day before yesterday ago |
that, those then, at that moment there that day the next day two days later, in two days the day before two days before before |
20. Direct and indirect speech.
Sometimes you want to tell smb else what your friend said. There are 2 ways of doing it:
You can repeat their words (direct speech)
He says, “I’m not happy now”.
You can use indirect speech (reported speech)
He says that he is not happy now
The reported speech is introduced with: to tell, to say, to add, to notice, to remark, to explain, to inform, to remind etc.