Пасивний стан дієслова.

to be + Past Participle основного дієслова
Відмінювання дієслів у всіх часах пасивного стану
Present	Simple	am/is/are + Past Participle
		The telegrams are delivered here.
	Continuous	am/is/are being + Past Participle
		She is being examined by the doctor now.
Past	Simple	was/were + Past Participle
		His car was removed.
	Continuous	was/were being + Past Participle
		My car was being washed at that time.
Present	Simple	has/have been + Past Participle
Perfect		All the books have been sold.
	Continuous	——
Past	Simple	had been + Past Participle
Perfect		He said the papers had been signed by him.
	Continuous	——
Future	Simple	will be + Past Participle
		We will be met at the station.
	Continuous	——
	Perfect	will have been + Past Participle
		This work will have been finished by 7 o’clock.

Виберіть правильну відповідь.

3.1. Pineapples ... in Hawaii.

a) are growing b) is grown c) are grown d) grew

3.2. The building ... recently and looks impressive.

a) has been repaired b) is repaired c) was repaired d) repaired

3.3. She came back to town where she … .

a) has born b) will be born c) is born d) was born

3.4. Stamps ... in 1840 in Great Britain.

a) are introducing b) were introduced

c) have been introduced d) introduced

3.5. They said that the new school ... in that area.

a) is being built b) will be built c) builds d) would be built

3.6. She ... a box of chocolates for her birthday last week.

a) was given b) will be given c) gave d) is given

3.7. Usually breakfast here ... at 8 o'clock.

a) are served b) is served

c) has been served d) serves

3.8. If I... this job, I'll be very much satisfied.

a) will be given b) am given c) will give d) am being given

3.9. I can't say anything because my words ... against me.

a) will use b) are being used c) will be used d) are using

3.10. Many new houses ... in our city now.

a) were built b) are built c) have been built d) are being built

3.11. This camera ... in Japan.

a) will be making b) is made c) made d) are made

3.12. His letter ... as soon as the manager finds out the necessary information.

a) will be answered b) is answered

c) has been answered d) will answer

3.13. Our trip ... because of bad weather last week-end.

a) had been finished b) was finished

c) will be finished d) is finished

3.14. This portrait... by a talented painter last year.

a) is painted b) was painted

c) has been painted d) has painted

3.15. The book ... by students now.

a) is discussed b) was discussed

c) is being discussed d) has been discussed

3.16. A new dress ... for my sister tomorrow.

a) will be bought b) is bought c) will buy d) was bought

3.17. The room ... by my brother now.

a) is cleaned b) was cleaned

c) has been cleaned d) is being cleaned

3.18. The bill... to your room in an hour.

a) is sent b) will be sent c) will send d) has been sent

3.19. The telegram to his office ... now.

a) is being sent b) was being sent c) has been sent d) is sending

3.20. A little present... to each of the guests yesterday.

a) has been given b) gave c) is being given d) was given

Text 1: WORL MARKETS: SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Every day billions of consumers throughout the world are sending signals to millions of producers throughout the world telling them what they want. The signal is sent by the price of various goods and services. The signals are sent very quickly, so that there should be a little delay in ending surpluses and shortages. In the real world, there are many interferences to the free exchange of goods and services among countries. Consequently, some countries have surpluses (for example, the USA has a surplus of many crops) and others suffer from scarcity (many countries do not have sufficient food). A free market system would seem to be the best system for improving the world’s economic condition. Given the advantages of such a system, there must be offsetting disadvantages or else the world would be joined in one, united free market.

The interaction of quality demanded and supplied at the equilibrium point. When we put supply and demand lines on one graph, we find that they interact at a price where the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded are equal. This is therefore called the equilibrium point. In the long run, the market price will tent toward the equilibrium point.

Text 2: HOW FREE MARKETS WORK

A free market system is one in which decisions about what to produce and in what quantities are decided by the market, that is, by buyers and sellers negotiating prices for goods and services.

You and I and other consumers in the United States send signals to tell producers what to make, how many, in what colour, and so on. The way we do that is by going to the store and buying products and services. For example, if all of us decided we wanted more fish (rather than red meat), we would signal fishermen to catch more fish. The message is sent by the price. As the demand for fish goes up, the price goes up as well, because people are willing to pay more. Fishermen notice this price increase and know they can make more money by catching more fish. Thus they have the incentive to get up earlier and fish later. Furthermore, more people go fishing. These are people who previously could not make a profit fishing but now can because of the higher price. The kind of fish they go for depends on the kind of fish we prefer (requests in the store).

The same process occurs with all products. The price tells producers how much to produce. As a consequence, there is rarely a long-term shortage of goods in the United States. If anything were wanted but not available, the price would tend to go up until someone would begin making that product or sell the ones they already had, given free markets.