Вправи:

1. Дайте відповідь на наступні запитання:

1. What does a conventional fixed-wing aircraft flight control system consist of?

2. What are the operating mechanisms of the flight control?

3. What is the basic method of controlling an aircraft?

4. How does it work?

5. What are the disadvantages of hydromechanical flight control system?

2. Доповніть наступні речення:

1. Gust locks are often used on …

2. Reluctance design non-excited synchronous motors are…

3. Some mechanical flight control systems use servo tabs that …

4. With hydraulic flight control systems, the aircraft's size and performance are …

5. With purely mechanical flight control systems, the aerodynamic forces …

Практичне заняття 5 Лексичні одиниці:

To maintain - утримувати

to be assured - бути впевненим

to subject - піддавати

displacement - зміщення

force - сила

drag - лобовий опір

to exert - докладати

advance - просування

weight - вага

constant - постійний

altitude - висота

to ensure - забезпечити

forward - уперед

to provide -

thrust - забезпечити

propulsion - силова установка

to tow - буксувати

to avoid - уникнути

ascending - висхідний

to enable - дозволити

Прочитайте та перекладіть текст 5

Fundamental principles of aircraft flight

As stated it Sir Cayley to maintain a plane in flight, three elements must be assured: the lift of the plane, its propulsion and finally its stability. The plane in flight at cruising speed is subjected to 4 forces.

Two of these forces are generated by the relative movement of the air compared to the plane. The first one is the lift. This force is directed upwards and is acting perpendicular to the displacement of the plane. It is thanks to this force that the plane is maintained in the air. The second is the drag. It is exerted in the direction opposed to the displacement of the plane. It is due to the breaking action of the air on the plane and is opposed to the advance of the plane. The lift and the drag are called aerodynamic forces because they are resulting from the action of the air due to the displacement of the airplane.

The force due to gravity, the weight of the plane, is opposed to the lift. The balance of the lift and the weight leads to the fact that the plane is maintained at constant altitude. To ensure that the plane continues to move forward, it is necessary to provide a force that compensates for the force called drag. This force is called the thrust. The thrust is generated by the system of propulsion of the planes, the engines. In the case of the flight at cruising speed, the role of the engine is thus to compensate for the force of drag, but not to make the plane climb. On the other hand, at the time of takeoff, the engine power will be used to bring the plane to the altitude of flight.

And what about sailplanes which do not have any engines? The lift of the sailplane is generally initiated by a plane which tows it until a certain altitude. Then, the sailplane is released and starts its autonomous flight. As it does not have any engine, it must follow a downward trajectory relative to the air to keep its speed. To avoid approaching the ground too quickly, it must find zones where the air follows an ascending direction. That enables him to continue its flight