- •Учебное пособие
- •Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей
- •Introduction Предисловие
- •Chapter one. Skimming reading Unit one. Business education Part 1
- •Text 1 London College of International Business Studies
- •Text 2 Bentley College
- •Text 3 University of Wales: Degree Courses
- •Unit two. Applying for a job Part 1
- •Text 1 Employment Letters
- •Text 2 Resume
- •Text 3 The Employee Selection Process
- •Unit three. Your career in business and management Part 1
- •Text 1 Accountant
- •Text 2 Hotel and Motel Manager
- •Text 3 Computer Programmer
- •Unit four. Famous people and companies Part 1
- •Text 1 Walt Disney Company
- •Text 2 General Motors Worldwide
- •Text 3 People in Business: the History of Success
- •Unit five. Forms of business ownership Part 1
- •Text 1 Sole Proprietorships
- •Text 2 Partnerships
- •Text 3 Corporations
- •Unit six. Management Part 1
- •Text 1 Management and Managers
- •Text 2 Functions of Management
- •Text 3 Managerial Skills
- •Text 4 Organizational Structure
- •Text 5 Production Management
- •Text 6 Financial Management
- •Unit seven. Marketing and advertising Part 1
- •Text 1 Marketing Management
- •Text 2 Marketing Plan
- •Text 3 Advertising
- •Unit eight. Accounting and information systems Part 1
- •Text 1 Accounting
- •Text 2 Computers
- •Text 3 Management Information Systems
- •Unit nine. Trade Part 1
- •Text 1 The Importance of International Trade
- •Text 2 Wholesaling and Retailing
- •Text 3 Product and Price
- •Unit ten. Money Part 1
- •Text 1 What is Money?
- •Text 2 The Functions of Money
- •Text 3 The Supply of Money
- •Text 2 The Degrees of the University
- •Text 3 Undergraduate School of Studies in Managerial Sciences (Bradford University)
- •Text 4 Management and Administration
- •Unit two. Applying for a job Text 1 Types of Job-Search Letters
- •Text 2 The Internet Job Search
- •Text 3 Dressing for Success
- •Unit three. Your career in business and management Text 1 Business Careers
- •Text 2 Part-Time Work while Attending School
- •Text 3 Working for the Government
- •Text 4 Considering an International Career
- •Unit four. Famous people and companies Text 1 Lexmark International, Inc.
- •Text 2 The Halifax Building Society
- •Text 3 Paula Lambert and Her Company
- •Text 4 Sovereign Sponsor
- •Unit five. Forms of business ownership Text 1 Partnerships for Life
- •Text 2 The Corporate Structure
- •Text 3 Joint Ventures
- •Text 4 Recipe for Success
- •Unit six. Management Text 1 The Managerial Hierarchy
- •Text 2 Human Resource Management
- •Text 3 Managing for Quality
- •Text 4 Management of Corporate Culture
- •Unit seven. Marketing and advertising Text 1 Successful Market Research
- •Text 2 Choosing a Marketing Strategy
- •Text 3 The Marketing Mix
- •Text 4 Promotion
- •Unit eight. Accounting and information systems Text 1
- •International Accounting
- •Text 2 Components of Computerized Systems
- •Text 3 Accounting Software in Small Business
- •Text 4 Office Automation Systems
- •Unit nine. Trade Text 1 The Economic Basis for Trade
- •Increasing International Trade
- •Text 3 Trade Barriers
- •Text 4 Your Rights when Buying Goods
- •Unit ten. Money Text 1 From the History of Money
- •Forms of Money
- •Text 3 Credit Cards
- •Text 4 Traveller’s Cheques
- •Word list
- •Contents Содержание
- •Управление и бизнес Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей
Text 4 Recipe for Success
Two sisters from Cleveland are finding out that there’s more to business success than just having a great product. Heather and Hope Wilson discovered early on that choosing the right form of business organization is very important to a young company.
Two years ago, the Wilson sisters decided to start their own business when their homemade candy sold out at a charity bake sale. A local candy storeowner offered to buy as much Frosted Swirl as they could make. The sisters formed a partnership and began manufacturing the candy in their own kitchen. The product sold quickly, and soon other stores were placing orders.
When a regional grocery store chain said it wanted to buy Frosted Swirl, the Wilson sisters knew they’d have to buy more equipment. But they didn’t have enough money. To raise funds, they formed a corporation, Frosted Swirl Enterprises, and sold stock to friends and family. With the proceeds, they bought ovens and other equipment to mass-produce the candy. Today they have four ovens and five employees, and they produce Frosted Swirl and four other candies for regional distribution. Now a wholesaler wants to distribute Frosted Swirl throughout the United States. The sisters are considering further expansion of their company.
Unit six. Management Text 1 The Managerial Hierarchy
Two aspects of the organization that are closely related to span of control are the managerial hierarchy and the chain of command. Managerial hierarchy refers to the levels of management within the organization. Generally the management structure is in the shape of a pyramid with the three basis levels: top, middle and supervisory.
The main feature of the managerial hierarchy is that each unit is controlled and supervised by a manager in a higher unit. The person with the most formal authority is at the top of the hierarchy. Managers at the top have most of the power. The amount of power decreases as you move down the pyramid. At the same time, the number of employees increases as you move down from level to level.
An organization with a well-defined hierarchy has a clear chain of command. The chain of command defines the relationships of authority from one level of organization to the next, from top to bottom. It is shown in the organization chart. When someone skips his or her boss to speak to a higher-ranking official, that person is said to be violating the chain of command.
A related principle is unity of command, in which everyone reports to and gets instructions from only one boss. Unity of command guarantees that everyone will have a direct supervisor and also will not be taking orders from a number of different supervisors. Unity of command and chain of command give everyone in the organization clear directions and help coordinate people doing very different jobs.
Managerial hierarchy and the chain of command determine the shape of a firm’s organization. A wide span of control results in a flat organization structure, which has few managerial levels and a short chain of command. Colleges and universities tend to have flat structures. Only two or three levels of administration stand between the faculty and the president. A narrow span of control results in a tall organization structure, which has many managerial levels and a long chain of command. Military organizations usually have many levels (or rank) of managers (officers) and thus are tall structures.