Text 2 The Degrees of the University

The degree of Bachelor, sometimes described as the first degree, is the basic qualification awarded by the University. It is awarded for a successful completion of a course of study over three or four years, usually in one of the main subject disciplines.

Obtaining a bachelor’s degree is the stage known as graduation, hence courses leading to this are referred to as undergraduate and any taken afterwards as postgraduate. The University awards four different degrees of Bachelor: Bachelor of Technology (BTech), Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), and Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm).

Study beyond the degree of Bachelor allows the student to specialize in a particular area of knowledge, probably because he has either developed a special interest during his earlier work or perhaps because he wishes to prepare himself for a particular career.

In some cases such study may involve a change in academic discipline, as, for example, when an engineer follows his degree of Bachelor with a higher qualification in management. Postgraduate study also, in many cases, involves a change from one university to another. Candidates at this stage must usually already hold an approved degree of Bachelor.

The University may confer the following higher degrees: Master of Arts (MA), Master in Business Administration (MBA), Master of Education (MEd), Master of Pharmacy (MPharm), Master of Philosophy (MPhil), Master of Science (MSc), Master of Technology (MTech), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of Letters (DLitt), Doctor of Science (DSc), Doctor of Technology (DTech).

Degree of Master is awarded for successful completion of either a course of advanced study or a research programme. This requires a minimum of twelve months full-time or twenty-four months part-time attendance. The duration is usually somewhat longer than this for obtaining a degree alone for which the degree of Master is awarded.

Degree of Doctor of Philosophy is recognition of achievement in research and is awarded only to candidates who make an original contribution to knowledge. This requires a minimum of three years full-time postgraduate work.

Official Degree of Doctor of Philosophy or Master of Philosophy may be conferred only upon candidates who are either members of the full-time academic staff or who hold full-time office or employment in the University and have presented a thesis or published work of sufficiently high standard.

Extra-mural study. A candidate may undertake part or the whole of his programme of research away from the University provided the arrangements are in accordance with the University regulations and provided also that suitable supervision is available.

Text 3 Undergraduate School of Studies in Managerial Sciences (Bradford University)

The objective of this course, which has an anticipated annual student intake of approximately thirty students, is to provide education for those contemplating careers in management, whether in industry, commerce or government at national or local level.

The course is a four-year thick sandwich, with three years in the University and one in paid employment. This experience will materially assist the student’s personal and academic development and its form will be determined by discussion between the student, his tutor and appropriate employers.

At present students are undertaking, or have undertaken, work in local government, manufacturing, distribution and the leisure industries. If appropriate, employment may be overseas.

Since technology plays an extremely important part in the world today, the manager must understand how the scientist/technologist thinks and works. To assist in this understanding, the course includes a substantial study of one area of science/technology.

Eventual holders of this degree will therefore have received a balanced education embracing some understanding of the total socio-economic system within which government and industry operate, a clear feel for the nature of science and of technology, and knowledge of the techniques available to modern management. Such students will find a considerable range of job opportunities open to them.

Summary of the Course.

Year 1: Philosophy, Management of Human Resources, Mathematics, Economics, Statistics and Law.

Year 2: Financial and Management Accounting, Production Management, Marketing Management, Management of Human Resources, Management Science and Computing, Managerial Economics, Scientific/Technological option – a choice of control engineering, chemistry, communication engineering and production engineering.

Year 3: The third year will be spent in an industrial, commercial or public administration organization gaining practical experience.

Year 4: Planning and Control Systems, Industrial Relations, Financial Management. One from: Production Management, Marketing Management or Personnel Management. One from: Organizational Behaviour or Operational Research; a continuation of the scientific/technological option.

Degree classification. The degree awarded will be classified into first class, second class (upper or lower division) and third class honours. A pass degree may be awarded on the results of the final examinations to those candidates who have not reached the standard required for the award of an honours degree.