Text 4 Organizational Structure

A good organizational structure determines who does the work of a company and how that work will be done.

The formal structure, shown in an organization chart, specifies the line of authority and communication between the various departments and divisions of a company.

The organization chart shows the division of work, chain of command, the type of work being done, the grouping of the work, and the levels of management within a company. Organization charts give a clear picture of authority and responsibility, and are helpful in identifying and eliminating organizational problems.

A company can be structured either by function – that is, the type of work being done – or by division – that is, according to geographic region, product, or production process, and the like. Small companies tend to use the functional structure, whereas the large ones use both functional and divisional structures.

A department is a part of a company that does a special kind of work. Companies create departments according to the functions that need to be performed or through unit departmentation, which corresponds to divisional structure. Departments organize and control work, contribute to greater efficiency, and create a good communication system.

The span of management is the scope of supervision assigned to a manager. A wide span of management means that a manager controls a large number of employees or functions, whereas a narrow span of management means that a manager controls a small number of employees or functions. A narrow span of management can lead to a “tall” organizational structure with many layers of management, whereas a wide span of management can lead to a “flat” organizational structure with few managerial levels. Large companies tend to be tall, whereas small companies tend to be flat.

6. Ответьте на вопросы:

1) What determines a good organizational structure?

2) How can a company be structured?

3) What is the span of management?

7. Дайте на английском языке развернутое определение понятиям:

a department –

the formal structure –

the organizational structure –

8. Закончите предложения, произведя нужный выбор:

1) A wide span of management means that a manager controls

a) a large number of employees or functions;

b) a small number of employees or functions.

2) A narrow span of management can lead to

a) a “flat” organizational structure with few managerial levels;

b) a “tall” organizational structure with many layers of management.

3) Large companies tend to be

a) tall;

b) flat.

9. Расскажите на английском языке об организационной структуре компании, в которой вы хотите работать.

Part 5

1. Прочтите и запомните значение следующих слов и словосочетаний:

select v	выбирать, отбирать
update v	модернизировать
productive system	производственная система
interact v	взаимодействовать; действовать
reach (goals)	достичь, добиться (цели)
necessary a	необходимый, нужный
accomplish v	совершать, выполнять; достигать
input n	ввод; пуск, запуск
transformation n	преобразование, трансформация
output n	выпуск; выработка, продукция

2. Переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы, характерные для разных частей речи:

to produce – product – production – productive – productivity

to act – action – active – activity

to effect – effect – effective – effectiveness

to operate – operation –operational – operator

to select – selection – selective – selector

to transform – transformation – transformer

to combine – combination – combinative

3. Подберите слова близкие по значению:

1) the same a	a) obtain v
2) customer n	b) accomplish v
3) operate v	c) change v
4) acquire v	d) similar a
5) reach v	e) give opportunity
6) transform v	f) to
7) enable v	g) work v
8) toward	h) buyer n

4. Соотнесите английские фразы из левой колонки с их русскими эквивалентами в правой:

1) series of activities	a) конечный продукт
2) operates smoothly	b) по приемлемой стоимости
3) any resources needed to	c) что-нибудь ценное
4) final product	d) ряд видов деятельности
5) as well as	e) работает слаженно
6) something of value	f) а также
7) production-related questions	g) любые ресурсы, необходимые для
8) at a satisfactory cost	h) вопросы, имеющие отношение к производству

5. Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание: