
- •Учебное пособие
- •Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей
- •Introduction Предисловие
- •Chapter one. Skimming reading Unit one. Business education Part 1
- •Text 1 London College of International Business Studies
- •Text 2 Bentley College
- •Text 3 University of Wales: Degree Courses
- •Unit two. Applying for a job Part 1
- •Text 1 Employment Letters
- •Text 2 Resume
- •Text 3 The Employee Selection Process
- •Unit three. Your career in business and management Part 1
- •Text 1 Accountant
- •Text 2 Hotel and Motel Manager
- •Text 3 Computer Programmer
- •Unit four. Famous people and companies Part 1
- •Text 1 Walt Disney Company
- •Text 2 General Motors Worldwide
- •Text 3 People in Business: the History of Success
- •Unit five. Forms of business ownership Part 1
- •Text 1 Sole Proprietorships
- •Text 2 Partnerships
- •Text 3 Corporations
- •Unit six. Management Part 1
- •Text 1 Management and Managers
- •Text 2 Functions of Management
- •Text 3 Managerial Skills
- •Text 4 Organizational Structure
- •Text 5 Production Management
- •Text 6 Financial Management
- •Unit seven. Marketing and advertising Part 1
- •Text 1 Marketing Management
- •Text 2 Marketing Plan
- •Text 3 Advertising
- •Unit eight. Accounting and information systems Part 1
- •Text 1 Accounting
- •Text 2 Computers
- •Text 3 Management Information Systems
- •Unit nine. Trade Part 1
- •Text 1 The Importance of International Trade
- •Text 2 Wholesaling and Retailing
- •Text 3 Product and Price
- •Unit ten. Money Part 1
- •Text 1 What is Money?
- •Text 2 The Functions of Money
- •Text 3 The Supply of Money
- •Text 2 The Degrees of the University
- •Text 3 Undergraduate School of Studies in Managerial Sciences (Bradford University)
- •Text 4 Management and Administration
- •Unit two. Applying for a job Text 1 Types of Job-Search Letters
- •Text 2 The Internet Job Search
- •Text 3 Dressing for Success
- •Unit three. Your career in business and management Text 1 Business Careers
- •Text 2 Part-Time Work while Attending School
- •Text 3 Working for the Government
- •Text 4 Considering an International Career
- •Unit four. Famous people and companies Text 1 Lexmark International, Inc.
- •Text 2 The Halifax Building Society
- •Text 3 Paula Lambert and Her Company
- •Text 4 Sovereign Sponsor
- •Unit five. Forms of business ownership Text 1 Partnerships for Life
- •Text 2 The Corporate Structure
- •Text 3 Joint Ventures
- •Text 4 Recipe for Success
- •Unit six. Management Text 1 The Managerial Hierarchy
- •Text 2 Human Resource Management
- •Text 3 Managing for Quality
- •Text 4 Management of Corporate Culture
- •Unit seven. Marketing and advertising Text 1 Successful Market Research
- •Text 2 Choosing a Marketing Strategy
- •Text 3 The Marketing Mix
- •Text 4 Promotion
- •Unit eight. Accounting and information systems Text 1
- •International Accounting
- •Text 2 Components of Computerized Systems
- •Text 3 Accounting Software in Small Business
- •Text 4 Office Automation Systems
- •Unit nine. Trade Text 1 The Economic Basis for Trade
- •Increasing International Trade
- •Text 3 Trade Barriers
- •Text 4 Your Rights when Buying Goods
- •Unit ten. Money Text 1 From the History of Money
- •Forms of Money
- •Text 3 Credit Cards
- •Text 4 Traveller’s Cheques
- •Word list
- •Contents Содержание
- •Управление и бизнес Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей
Text 4 Organizational Structure
A good organizational structure determines who does the work of a company and how that work will be done.
The formal structure, shown in an organization chart, specifies the line of authority and communication between the various departments and divisions of a company.
The organization chart shows the division of work, chain of command, the type of work being done, the grouping of the work, and the levels of management within a company. Organization charts give a clear picture of authority and responsibility, and are helpful in identifying and eliminating organizational problems.
A company can be structured either by function – that is, the type of work being done – or by division – that is, according to geographic region, product, or production process, and the like. Small companies tend to use the functional structure, whereas the large ones use both functional and divisional structures.
A department is a part of a company that does a special kind of work. Companies create departments according to the functions that need to be performed or through unit departmentation, which corresponds to divisional structure. Departments organize and control work, contribute to greater efficiency, and create a good communication system.
The span of management is the scope of supervision assigned to a manager. A wide span of management means that a manager controls a large number of employees or functions, whereas a narrow span of management means that a manager controls a small number of employees or functions. A narrow span of management can lead to a “tall” organizational structure with many layers of management, whereas a wide span of management can lead to a “flat” organizational structure with few managerial levels. Large companies tend to be tall, whereas small companies tend to be flat.
6. Ответьте на вопросы:
1) What determines a good organizational structure?
2) How can a company be structured?
3) What is the span of management?
7. Дайте на английском языке развернутое определение понятиям:
a department –
the formal structure –
the organizational structure –
8. Закончите предложения, произведя нужный выбор:
1) A wide span of management means that a manager controls
a) a large number of employees or functions;
b) a small number of employees or functions.
2) A narrow span of management can lead to
a) a “flat” organizational structure with few managerial levels;
b) a “tall” organizational structure with many layers of management.
3) Large companies tend to be
a) tall;
b) flat.
9. Расскажите на английском языке об организационной структуре компании, в которой вы хотите работать.
Part 5
1. Прочтите и запомните значение следующих слов и словосочетаний:
select v |
выбирать, отбирать |
update v |
модернизировать |
productive system |
производственная система |
interact v |
взаимодействовать; действовать |
reach (goals) |
достичь, добиться (цели) |
necessary a |
необходимый, нужный |
accomplish v |
совершать, выполнять; достигать |
input n |
ввод; пуск, запуск |
transformation n |
преобразование, трансформация |
output n |
выпуск; выработка, продукция |
2. Переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы, характерные для разных частей речи:
to produce – product – production – productive – productivity
to act – action – active – activity
to effect – effect – effective – effectiveness
to operate – operation –operational – operator
to select – selection – selective – selector
to transform – transformation – transformer
to combine – combination – combinative
3. Подберите слова близкие по значению:
1) the same a |
a) obtain v |
2) customer n |
b) accomplish v |
3) operate v |
c) change v |
4) acquire v |
d) similar a |
5) reach v |
e) give opportunity |
6) transform v |
f) to |
7) enable v |
g) work v |
8) toward |
h) buyer n |
4. Соотнесите английские фразы из левой колонки с их русскими эквивалентами в правой:
1) series of activities |
a) конечный продукт |
2) operates smoothly |
b) по приемлемой стоимости |
3) any resources needed to |
c) что-нибудь ценное |
4) final product |
d) ряд видов деятельности |
5) as well as |
e) работает слаженно |
6) something of value |
f) а также |
7) production-related questions |
g) любые ресурсы, необходимые для |
8) at a satisfactory cost |
h) вопросы, имеющие отношение к производству |
5. Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание: