Text 2 Functions of Management

In the early 1900s French businessman Henri Fayol named the four basic functions of management: planning, organizing, directing, and controlling.

Planning involves setting the company's goals and determining how these goals should be met. Strategic, or long-term, planning takes place at the top-management level. It involves setting goals, making policy, establishing systems, and charting the future direction of the company. Tactical, or short-term, planning is carried out by middle and first-line managers, who determine how to run the company, solve problems, meet specific goals and carry out programs. Strategy is a broad plan or program for achieving the company's objectives.

Making decisions is the most important part of the planning process. When managers make decisions, they ask four questions: What are our goals? Are our goals realistic? Is there anything that might help or hinder our strategy? Which plan of action is the best?

Organizing is the process of arranging work, dividing it among employees and coordinating it so that the company's goals can be met. Organizing involves people, technology and environmental forces. Staffing or the organizing of people involves hiring and training employees. Technology includes all the knowledge, skills, tools, machinery and raw materials that it needs. The company must be organized so that it can obtain and efficiently use all the technology it needs.

The function of directing is to instruct subordinates and supervise their work. It requires effective communication and leadership. Communication is the means people use to exchange information.

Controlling is the process of watching and checking work activities to make sure that they help a company meet its goals.

To be successful, managers must use three kinds of leadership skills: technical skills, human relations skills and political skills.

6. Ответьте на вопросы:

1) Who named the four basic functions of management last century?

2) What does planning involve?

3) What kind of process is organizing?

4) What is the function of directing?

5) What is the goal of controlling?

7. Согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими утверждениями:

1) Strategic planning takes place at the middle level of management.

2) Organizing involves people, technology and environmental forces.

3) Technology includes knowledge, skills and machinery.

4) To be successful managers must use only technical skills.

5) Solving problems is the most important part of the planning process.

8. Расскажите на английском языке о функциях менеджмента: а) планировании, b) организации, с) управлении и d) контроле.

Part 3

1. Прочтите и запомните значение следующих слов и словосочетаний:

conceptual a	понятийный, концептуальный
usefulness n	полезность, пригодность
vary v	изменять(ся), разнить(ся), варьировать
authority n	власть, авторитет, влияние, значение
rise v	поднимать(ся), продвигаться
aim v	стремиться, целить(ся), иметь в виду
win favour	завоевать благосклонность
reason n	причина
focus on v	сосредотачивать (внимание) на
acquire v	приобретать, достигать, овладевать
hold power	удерживать власть
both	оба

2. Переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы, характерные для разных частей речи:

useful, responsibility, managerial, lower, supervisory, position, training, mostly.

3. Подберите слова близкие по значению:

1) authority n	a) hard a
2) acquire v	b) retain v
3) hold v	c) produce v
4) reason n	d) everywhere adv
5) vary v	e) concentrate v
6) focus v	f) power n
7) heavy a	g) get v
8) create v	h) cause n
9) throughout adv	i) differ v

4. Соотнесите английские фразы из левой колонки с их русскими эквивалентами в правой:

1) types of skills	a) с другой стороны
2) tend to be used	b) по двум причинам
3) heavy leadership demands	c) большая ответственность
4) supervisory positions	d) высокая потребность в лидерах
5) on the other hand	e) опыт плюс образование
6) for both reasons	f) квалифицированные менеджеры
7) effective managers	g) имеют тенденцию использоваться
8) experience plus training	h) руководящие должности
9) greater responsibility	i) типы навыков

5. Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание: