To like to love to prefer to hate gerund
a) abstract activity as such
b) British English -- enjoyment
Infinitive
a) practicing from time to time
b) American English – enjoyment
c) with would like/love/prefer/hate
I like skiing. (as a sport, BrE enjoyment) = Мне нравится кататься на лыжах. / Мені подобається кататися на лижах.
I like to ski in fine weather. (from time to time, AmE enjoyment) = Я люблю покататься на лыжах в хорошую погоду. / Я люблю покататися на лижах, коли погода гарна.
Would you like to dance? = Не хотите потанцевать? / Не бажаєте потанцювати?
to regret
gerund
refers to the past
infinitive
announces current bad news
He regretted talking too frankly. = Он пожалел, что говорил слишком открыто. / Він пожалкував, що говорив занадто відверто.
We regret to inform that you have failed your exam. = С сожалением сообщаем о том, что вы провалили экзамен. / З прикрістю повідомляємо про те, що ви провалили екзамен.
to remember / to forget
gerund
refers to the past
infinitive
denotes things to do
I will never forget seeing the Queen. = Никогда не забуду, как видел королеву. / Ніколи не забуду, як бачив королеву.
Don’t forget to see Mom off. = Не забудь проводить маму. / Не забудь проводити маму.
to try
gerund
experimenting to solve a problem
infinitive
making an effort
Ned tried sending her flowers and writing her poems, but she married Sam. = Нед пробовал посылать ей цветы и писать стихи, но она вышла за Сэма. / Нед пробував надсилати їй квіти та писати вірші, але вона вийшла за Сема.
I tried to make breakfast, but burnt the toast. = Я попробовал приготовить завтрак, но пережарил гренок. / Я спробував зготувати сніданок, але пересмажив гренок.
to mean
gerund
to mean=to involve
infinitive
to mean=to intend
Being a success means working hard. = Быть успешным – значит много работать. / Бути успішним -- значить багато працювати.
I meant to call you, but I forgot. = Я собирался тебе позвонить, но забыл. / Я збирався тобі подзвонити, але забув.
to learn to teach
gerund
lessons / subject of study
infinitive
result of study; successful learning of a skill
Miranda is teaching/learning typing. = Миранда учит/учится печатать. / Міранда вчить/вчиться друкувати.
Miranda has taught herself/learnt to type. = Миранда научилась печатать./ Міранда навчилася друкувати.
to afford
gerund
activity as such
infinitive
for a period of time
Philip doesn’t earn much and he can’t afford going out very often. = Филипп зарабатывает немного и не может позволить себе частые развлечения. / Філіп заробляє небагато та не може дозволити собі часті розваги.
Mary can’t afford to go out very often so far, as she is saving to buy a new car. (as soon as Mary buys a car, she’ll be able to afford going out very often) = Мэри не может себе позволить частые развлечения, поскольку она копит деньги на новую машину. / Мері не може собі дозволити часті розваги, оскільки вона заощаджує гроші на нову машину.
TASK 34. Fill in the blanks with the gerunds and/or the infinitives used as direct objects.
1. As soon as I pay off the mortgage, I will be able to afford ______________ (to travel) abroad.
2. At present, Sheila teaches ____________ (to speak).
3. At the moment Jim prefers ______________ (to play) darts.
4. Babies learn _______________ (to speak) by imitating their parents.
5. Being a writer means ________________ (to do) a lot of planning and research.
6. Boy, I forgot ______________ (to cook) dinner!
7. Colin deeply regrets _______________ (to fail) to compromise.
8. Hanna tried _____________ (to unlock) the door, but failed.
9. Have you tried ______________ (to take) Advil for your headache?
10. Henry regretted ___________ (to make) Bethy blush.
11. Hey, have you remembered _____________ (to switch off) the light?
12. How can we forget Jenny _______________ (to be) so kind to us?
13. I did not mean _________________ (to hurt) you; I’m sorry that I’ve made you cry.
14. I hate ______________ (to interrupt), but we must be off.
15. I will always remember _______________ (to visit) him last summer.
16. I would love ______________ (to dance) with you know, but my feet are sore.
17. If you are nervous, try __________ (to knit), it’ll calm you down.
18. In the USA, they would say ‘I love ____________ (to dance),’ rather than ‘____________’ (to dance).
19. It is impossible to learn _____________ (to play) the piano without everyday practice.
20. Learning means _______________ (to open) the doors of your perception.
21. Nelly meant ______________ (to behave) herself, but it was impossible to be a good girl all the time.
22. Nick would hate ____________ (to be) alone.
23. Nina has always preferred ______________ (to work) with books than with people.
24. No one can afford _____________ (to waste) so much time and money on whims.
25. Oliver has taught himself _____________ (to cook) in no time.
26. The company regrets ___________________ (to inform) about starting a new redundancy program.
27. The officer said the airline regretted ________________ (to announce) a further delay.
28. Try _________________ (to sleep), you have a busy day tomorrow.
29. Would you like ____________ (to see) my Gauguin?
30. Ian remembered ______________ (to write) his first book.
TASKS 35-39. Do exercises 12-16 pp. 118-121 in I.P. Krylova An English Grammar Practice Book.