General pharmacology

1. A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been taking foxglove (Digitalis) preparations for a long time. Due to the violation of intake schedule the woman got symptoms of intoxication. These symptoms result from:

A *Material cumulation

B Tachyphylaxis

C Idiosyncrasy

D Antagonism

E Sensibilization

2. A man who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot withhold it because this causes impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different disturbances caused by drug discontinuation:

A *Abstinence

B Sensibilization

C Idiosyncrasy

D Tachyphylaxis

E Cumulation

3. Proserin increases skeletal muscle tone when given systematically. Halothane induces relaxation of skeletal muscles and reduces proserin effects. What is the nature of proserin and halothane interaction?

A *Indirect functional antagonism

B Direct functional antagonism

C Competitive antagonism

D Independent antagonism

E Noncompetitive antagonism

4. A patient with frequent attacks of stenocardia was prescribed sustak-forte to be taken one tablet twice a day. At first the effect was positive but on the second day stenocardia attacks resumed. What can explain inefficiency of the prescribed drug?

A *Tachyphylaxis

B Cumulation

C Sensibilization

D Idiosyncrasy

E Dependence

5. A patient taking clonidine for essential hypertension treatment was using alcohol that caused intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?

A *Effect potentiating

B Effect summation

C Cumulation

D Intoxication

E Idiosyncrasy

6. Continuous taking of some drugs foregoing the pregnancy increase the risk of giving birth to a child with genetic defects. What is this effect called?

A *Mutagenic effect

B Embryotoxic effect

C Teratogenic effect

D Fetotoxical effect

E Blastomogenic effect

7. 36 y.o. man has a craniocerebral trauma. Objectively: diminished breath sounds, thread pulse, no reflexes. What way of pyracetam introduction will be the most apropriate in this case?

A *Intravenous

B Rectal

C Subcutaneous

D Peroral

E Inhalation

8. A patient who has been suffering from cardiac insufficiency for several months has been taking digoxin on an outpatient basis. At a certain stage of treatment there appeared symptoms of drug overdose. What phenomenon underlies the development of this complication?

A *Material cumulation

B Habituation

C Sensibilization

D Functional cumulation

E Tachyphylaxis

9. A patient ill with chronic cardiac insufficiency was prescribed an average therapeutic dose of digoxin. Two weeks after begin of its taking there appeared symptoms of drug intoxication (bradycardia, extrasystole, nausea). Name the phenomenon that caused

accumulation of the drug in the organism?

A *Material cumulation

B Functional cumulation

C Tolerance

D Tachyphylaxis

E Idiosyncrasy

10. Mother of a 2 year old child consulted a stomatologist. In the period of pregnancy she was irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor destruction, yellow enamel, brown rim around the dental cervix. What drug has apparent teratogenic effect?

A *Doxacycline

B Furosemide

C Ampiox

D Xantinol nicotinate

E Octadine

11. During examination in out-patient department a physician identified pneumonia and- prescribed in-patient treatment by ampicillin and cefalexin. However, the patient started treatment at home with the same antibiotics, dosage and timing prescribed by the doctor. Within three days the sick person felt better, fever and cough reduced. The treatment was discontinued and the patient turned back to work. Next day he/she felt much worse, fever and cough were developed again, that is why the patient had to be examined by the physician, indicate please which principle of chemotherapy was disobeyed by the patient:

A. *Duration of treatment

B. Combined usage of agents

C. The earliest chemotherapy beginning

D. Effective agent choice based on clinical and bacteriological diagnosis

E. Optimal selection of dosage, timing and introduction ways of agent

12. Patient with pneumonia was treated by injections of antibiotic. Determine the type of chemotherapy:

A. *Causal treatment

B. Substitute treatment

C. Preventive treatment

D. Symptomatic treatment

E. Pathogenic treatment