ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Пособие «Machinery and Education. Машиностроение и образование» предназначено для работы со студентами педагогического профиля «Профессиональное обучение: автомобильный транспорт, машиностроение».

Цель пособия – ознакомить обучающихся с автомобильной и машиностроительной терминологией и подготовить их к чтению и переводу литературы на английском языке. Состоит из семи разделов: I. «История автомобилестроения», II. «Корпус автомобиля», III. «Силовая установка (1)», IV. «Силовая установка (2)», V. «Силовая передача», VI. «Металлы и их применение», VII. «Машиностроение».

Пособие построено по следующей схеме: словарь для двух текстов, А и В; упражнения на понимание текстов; упражнения на представление и освоение основных грамматических структур; творческие задания как для аудиторной, так и самостоятельной работы, предусматривающие индивидуальный уровневый подход в обучении; юмористические рассказы; заключительные темы для обсуждения; дополнительные материалы. В пособие включены также неадаптированные отрывки из литературного произведения, в котором в художественной форме рассматриваются и обсуждаются актуальные психолого-педагогические вопросы, отношение к автомобилю, философия взаимоотношений двух поколений.

В целом все разделы пособия нацелены на языковое обучение посредством методов и форм, необходимых для осуществления профессиональной деятельности на практике.

Тексты пособия заимствованы из специализированной англоязычной литературы и способствуют развитию всех видов чтения и расширению запаса профессиональной лексики. Пособие включает цитатный и иллюстративный материал, словарь профессионально-ориентированной лексики.

Пособие может быть использовано для подготовки специалистов в области автотранспорта и машиностроения, а также для повышения общеобразовательного уровня.

Авторы выражают благодарность всем, кто способствовал созданию и изданию этого пособия.

UNIT I. ENGINEERING. AUTOMOBILE HISTORY

B efore you start: Think it over. Agree – Disagree

“In three words I can sum up everything I’ve learned about life. It goes on.”

Robert Frost, 1874 – 1963, U.S. poet

“The world hates change, but it is the only thing that has brought progress.”

Charles Kettering, 1876 – 1958, U.S. engineer and inventor

Reading, Vocabulary & Creative Practice

1. Words to be remembered (Texts: a, b).

design purpose conversion driver key driver development solution engine ingenious origin principle structure machine imagination reasoning apply technology experience production operation attempt phenomenon

construct include activity research improve automobile consumer goods reduce environmental pollution branch machine-tool motor vehicle metalworking essential economy car stainless steel iron ring trial and error history mechanism

inventor carriage contribution manufacture commercially four-stroke engine four-stroke cycle silence reliability internal combustion starter motor ignition lacquer finishes antiknock fuel leaded gasoline assembly line affordable spacious luxurious fuel-efficient

2. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.

1. The building has been specially designed to provide easy access for people in wheelchairs.

2. L-driver is a person who is learning to drive, “L” meaning “learner”.

3. Engine is a machine that converts energy into power or motion.

4. Technology means study, mastery and using of manufacturing methods and industrial arts.

5. Production of steel has increased in the last few weeks.

6. To improve means to get better or bring to a better or more acceptable state.

7. Automobile is a car in American English.

8. Pollution is making air, water, soil, etc. dangerously impure or unfit for use.

9. By various little economies they managed to save some money for buying the new equipment.

10. Stainless steel is a group of chromium/nickel steels, which have a high resistance to corrosion and chemical attack.

11. Working parts of a machine collectively is called mechanism.

12. Fiat, Ford, Renault and Volkswagen are large firms manufacturing cars.

13. Internal combustion engine is an engine, which produces power by the burning of a substance, such as petrol.

14. Antiknock is a substance added to fuel for an internal combustion engine to minimize knock.

15. Besides being fuel-efficient this car has a beautiful finish.

16. The engine of our car is knocking badly.

Part I

3. Read text a carefully. Pay attention to the words in bold type.

A. Engineering

Engineering is the design, analysis and construction of works for practical purposes. Engineering is also an art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. In other words, engineering is the process of applying the latest achievements of science and technology into practice. It is a key driver of human development. Engineering is concerned with the design of a solution to a problem. One who practices engineering is called engineer.

The words “engine”, “engineer”, “ingenious” take their origin from the Latin root ingenious, meaning “skilled”. In the Arabic language the word for “engineering” also means “geometry”. The word “engineering” can be translated as «инженерное искусство», «машиностроение», «техника», «аппаратура», «разработка и управление», «инженерия», or «прикладной», «технический», «инженерный». Engineers use principles of science to design structures, machines, and products of all kinds. They also use imagination and reasoning to apply science, technology, mathematics, and practical experience. The result is the design, production, and operation of useful objects and processes. Engineers look for better ways to use existing resources and often develop new materials that make our life easier. Scientists attempt to explain phenomena, whereas engineers construct solutions to problems.

The field of engineering includes a wide variety of activities. Engineers do research to improve automobiles, television sets, consumer goods, etc. They may also work to reduce environmental pollution. There are different branches of engineering: electrical engineering, chemical engineering, military engineering, mechanical engineering and others. Mechanical engineering is concerned with machine tools, motor vehicles, metalworking machines, air conditioning and many other machines and processes essential to an industrial economy. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine.

Occasionally, engineers may be recognized by the “Iron ring” – a stainless steel or iron ring, worn on the little (fourth) finger of the dominant hand. The tradition was developed in Canada in the Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer as a symbol of pride and obligation for the engineering profession. The earliest engineers built structures and developed tools, machines, engines and cars by the trial and error method.

Comprehension Check – A