How to operate a boiler? Boiler Starting Procedure - Checks and Techniques

The operating procedure of a boiler depends on the type and the manufacturer's instruction. Yet, there are few common points that should be kept in mind while operating any type of boiler on board a ship. So let’s get down to some basic boiler operation training and the general procedures for operating a boiler are as follows.

Before starting the boiler

The following things should be checked thoroughly before starting the boiler:

• All the up-takes for the exhaust gases should be checked properly for a clear flow and to prevent any kind of obstacle. All the dampers should be checked for open position. All the vents should also be kept open.

• All feed water connections, combustion air connections and pressure gauges should be opened or checked for proper working condition.

• Alarms should be checked for sound and proper working condition.

• The connections to the superheater and those in between the superheaters should be opened fully to provide free the steam flow.

• All the boiler water drains and blow-down cocks should be properly closed.

• The boiler should only be filled with deaerated water till slightly below the working level.

• All the header vents should be closed to prevent water leakage.

• Water level in the economizer should be checked and the vents should be shut off after blowing out air.

• Forced draft fans should be checked for speed and sound.

• Fuel oil system should be checked for any closed valves and the fuel oil should be adequately heated before circulation to prevent any kind of pipe blockage.

TEXT C

IRREGULARITIES IN OPERATION, CAUSES AND REMEDIES

Vocabulary

faulty – неисправный

penetration – проникновение

cut-off valve – запорный (секущий) клапан

valve disc – тарелка клапана

to shut down – выключить; остановить

to light – зажигать

sediment – осадок; отложение

E X E R C I S E S

1. Replace the imperative sentences (REMEDY) by the following structures:

 it is possible – возможно

 it is important – важно

 it is necessary – необходимо

 it is desirable – желательно

 it is preferable – предпочтительно

 it is imperative – обязательно, необходимо

 it is evident/obvious – очевидно

 it is advisable – желательно

 it is sufficient – достаточно

2. Translate these phrases into Russian:

it is usual – it is unusual; it is common – it is uncommon; it is equal –it is unequal;

it is possible – it is impossible; it is important – it is unimportant;

it is necessary – it is unnecessary; it is desirable- it is undesirable;

it is convenient – it is inconvenient; it is effective – it is ineffective;

it is sufficient – it is insufficient; it is essential – it is inessential;

it is practical – it is impractical; it is practicable – it is impracticable.

3. Use the modal verb should in these statements. Translate them:

1. When no sprayed fuel comes out from the atomizer remove the atomizer and check the adjusting screw on the cut-off valve.

2. If the cut-off valve is stuck, disassemble it and check if there is any damage on it.

3. In case the power supply indication lamp (white) fails to go on, check if there is a short circuit in it, check the power inlet line outside the panel, check all the fuses and non-fuse breakers.

4. If the thermostat is out of order, replace it.

5. If boiler pressure is dropping or rising, immediately put the boiler out of operation.

4. Translate into English:

1. Неисправности в котле могут привести к изменению давления и температуры пара, воды, воздуха, газов и топлива, а также нарушению нормального процесса горения и изменению уровня воды.

2. Упуск воды является частой и весьма опасной аварией. Причиной упуска воды чаще всего бывают неполадки в работе автоматов питания и недостаточное наблюдение за уровнем воды в котле.

3. Перепитка котла водой (чрезмерно высокий уровень) может произойти при неисправности водоуказательных приборов или автоматов питания.

4. При неисправности предохранительного клапана необходимо вывести котел из действия для устранения неисправности.

5. При нарушении нормальной работы регулятора питания следует перейти на ручное управление питанием и устранить неисправности регулятора.

6. Выполнение правил и инструкций технической эксплуатации – лучшее средство для предотвращения неполадок и выхода котла из строя.