Ex. 7. Запомните основные выражения для рассказа о географическом положении страны и используйте их в рассказе о географии Великобритании:

be situated on

lie on

There are a lot of

contain

include

consist of

be made up of

be composed of

be formed by

total area is about

be separated from

be washed by

over …million people.

about…thousand

approximately …hundred

varies from … to …

differs from… to…

be called

be also referred to as

influence the climate

the whole year round.

be governed by

be elected by

be represented by

highly developed

agrarian country.

One of the chief industries is …

the world's leading economy

providing it with

abounds in

be rich in mineral resources,

produces

exports

imports

food supplies

Ex.8. Speak on any country of the world. Describe the following aspects:

Geographical position: borders, seas, oceans etc.

Natural resources: sights, mineral resources etc.

Economical situation, population etc.

Unit 2 Describing special places

Part 1. Оборот there is / there are

Оборот there is / there are употребляется в английском предложении в том случае, когда необходимо сообщить, что некий предмет или лицо существует, есть, находится в определенном месте. При этом предложение имеет следующую структуру: There is a book on the table

1 - there - формальное подлежащее;

2 – is – сказуемое;

3 – a book - дополнение (логическое подлежащее) – предмет, о котором сообщается. Поскольку об этом предмете сообщается в 1-й раз, то перед существиельным ставится неопределенный артикль (a, an);

4 - on the table – обстоятельство. Перед существительным, выражающим обстоятельство, употребляется определённый артикль.

Перевод

1)Если в предложении есть обстоятельство места (или времени), то перевод начинается с него.

2) Если обстоятельство отсутствует, то перевод начинается с глагола to be в этом случае он обычно переводится глаголами: имеется, находится, есть, существует,... и т.д. eg. There is a book on the table. - На (этом) столе находится /какая-то/ книга.

В обороте с формальным подлежащим there могут использоваться также глаголы to live, to stand, to exist, to appear, etc., и модальные глаголы can, may, must, etc. в сочетании со смысловыми глаголами.

eg. I. There exists no life on that planet. - На этой планете не существует жизни.

eg. 2. There must be a map of Great Britain in this book. – В этой

книге должна быть карта Великобритании.

Если в предложении с оборотом there is / there are приводится несколько предметов, то глагол to be обычно согласуется с первым из них.

There is a pen and three books on the table. = На столе ручка и три книги.

There are three books and a pen on the table. = На столе три книги и ручка.

Ex. 1. Say:

What is there in the classroom? What is there in your bag? What facilities are their in our University? What sights are there in St. Petersburg? What sights are there in Russia? What sights are there in Europe? What interesting places are there on the Earth?

Ex.2. Read the text and say what interesting places are there in the Yellowstone park.

Ex.3. Use the correct word of the two and translate the text. Write out the names of geological features.

Yellowstone National Park

Located in the central Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone National Park is a broad volcanic plateau surrounded by mountain (1) rages / ranges. The park has an average elevation of 2,300 m. The Yellowstone River, which is 1,110 km (2) length/ long, crosses the (3)district/ region from south to north, flowing into Yellowstone Lake and through the famous Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone.

(4) Consisting / Covering 33,900 hectares at 2,357 m above sea level, Yellowstone Lake is the highest and largest mountain lake in North America. The lake shore-line (5) exceeds / extends for a 180m with a maximum depth of 98 m, and an average one of 40 m. Other lakes in the park include Shoshone, Lewis, and Heart lakes. After (6) appearing / emerging from Yellowstone Lake, the Yellowstone River flows through the meadows of Hayden Valley and then plunges into the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone over the Upper and Lower Falls, which are 33 m and 94 m (7) height / high, respectively. The canyon is 30 km long, and its walls reach a (8) depth / height of 370 m. The walls of volcanic rock display (9) shades / shadows of yellow, red, orange, and brown, and rugged rock formations take (10) on / up unusual shapes.

Artist Point and Inspiration Point (11) offer / suggest magnificent views of the canyon and falls, including Tower Falls, where the waters of Tower Creek drop 40 m into the Yellowstone River. Another geologic (12) feature / line of the park is Obsidian Cliff, a mountain of volcanic black glass and one of the largest (13) deposits / storages of obsidian in North America. Yellowstone National Park contains more than 10,000 thermal (14) sights / sites, the greatest concentration of such phenomena in the world. These include more than 300 geysers as (15) many/ well as hot springs, mud volcanoes (also known as paint pots), and fumaroles (vents issuing gasses and steam).

Ex.4. Find out the material about any Russian national park (reserve/ zapovednik) and get ready to speak about it.