- •Psychological Criteria and Mechanisms of Seafarers’ Professional Reliability Psychological criteria of professional reliability.
- •Вопрос 1. Психологические критерии профессио-нальной надежности моряков. Ошибки оператора и их последствия. Этапы психологического обес-печения надежности.
- •Stages of Psychological training
- •3. Adaptation to professional activity at sea.
- •4. Regular professional activity.
- •Вопрос 2 Психологический механизм профессиональной надежности моряков. Самоконтроль и его формы.
- •2. Psychological Mechanisms of Reliability: Self-Control
- •Forms of Self-Control
- •Emotions, Self-control & Traits of Character
- •Вопрос 3 Факторы, влияющие на самоконтроль человека. Самоконтроль как средство предотвращения ошибочных действий. Factors Influencing Self-Control
- •Self – Control and Mistakes
- •Conclusions:
- •Relative Social Isolation (rsi) & Its Consequences for Ships’ Crews
- •1. Относительная социальная изоляция (оси) и ее воздействие на экипаж. Факторы среды и факторы социально-психологического порядка (депривации). Виды депривации.
- •Factors of environment:
- •Psychosocial factors: deprivations
- •2. Специфика социальных контактов в условиях оси. Особенности психологической совместимости партнеров по общению, избирательность социальных контактов в экипаже Reduction of social contacts
- •3. Специфика межличностных отношений в экипаже в условиях оси в течение длительного рейса. Long voyages: behaviour dynamics of
- •Негативная динамика социальной перцепции в экипаже в условиях оси. Возникновение конфликтов.
- •Conflicts
- •Conclusion
- •Distinctive features of adaptation to the "combined" work and rest
Self – Control and Mistakes
Self-control is aimed at timely prevention or detection of the mistakes already made. When self-control is not formed, it will inevitably affect the level of professional reliability.
Self-control thus is an important tool of creating immunity against mistakes (иммунитет против ошибок). It acts as a method of mastering professional activity and ensuring its reliability.
Faultless actions are a result of a person's self-control over his activity, as the development of self-control is one of the indicators of skills development. (Безошибочные действия – результат контроля человека за своей деятельностью, т. к. совершенство самоконтроля — один из показателей совершенства умений и навыков.)
In more general sense, the process of self-regulation of professional activity itself is an aspect of development of self-control./ В более общем смысле сам процесс саморегуляции профессиональной деятельности является аспектом развития самоконтроля.
Conclusions:
1 Professional reliability is closely connected with reliability of human mentality, i.e. psychological aspects of Human Factor.
2 Professional reliability plays a crucial role in seafarers' life activity due to its specifics.
3 The main psychological mechanism of professional reliability is self-control (self-regulation).
4 Self-control is a necessary condition and result of healthy and adequate mentality of a person.
6 Self-control is an important tool of creating immunity against mistakes. It acts as a method of mastering professional activity and ensuring its reliability.
#2
Relative Social Isolation (rsi) & Its Consequences for Ships’ Crews
Вопросы:
1. Относительная социальная изоляция (оси) и ее воздействие на экипаж. Факторы среды и факторы социально-психологического порядка (депривации). Виды депривации.
Relative social isolation (or group isolation) is “an especially extreme situation in the life of a small group, proceeding out of habitual (привычный) and direct contact with a wide social environment”. Social isolation is considered to be a traumatizing [ ['trɔːmətaɪzıŋ] ]) ] factor.
Conditions of professional activity and communication of the ship's crew can generate their own regularities (закономерности).
Specifics of seafaring career is caused by the factors of environment (среда) and of psychosocial order (социально-психологического порядка).
Factors of environment:
1. Constant stress-factors:
external: storm, rolling, change of climatic zones, etc.,
unfavourable working conditions: noise, vibration, constant magnetic field, created by the ship’s hull, etc.
Limitation of space ( a vessel, a cabin).
Psychosocial factors: deprivations
Psychological overloads (перегрузки) are caused not only by conditions of the increased responsibility and risk, potential danger of extreme situations, but also by deprivation (лишение) during a voyage.
Deprivation means lack of something necessary, when it isn't possible to person to satisfy this or that important need.
"Mental starvation"(психическое голодание).
Deprivations:
social: limitation of contacts;
sensory ['sen(t)s(ə)rɪ] deprivation: reduction of inflow of irritants ['ɪrɪt(ə)nts] (поступление раздражителей) — e.g. sights and sounds;
role deprivation: impossibility carry out social roles (of a husband, father etc);
sexual deprivation: lack of female society;
information deprivation: shortage of information.
The influence of these factors depends on:
1 . type of vessels
2 . number of crew members
3 . voyage duration
4 . geographical length of the voyage
5 . frequency of social contacts
Undivided household and working spheres of life activity (неразделенность бытовой и производственной сфер жизнедеятельности) of ships' crews increases “density” of communicative contacts, mixture of business and personal, formal and informal spheres of interaction.