3. Дайте відповіді на питання.

1. What is OOO NPP Kherson Machine-Building Plant (KhMBP) specializing on?

2. How many models of SKIF combine harvesters are produced nowadays?

3. Did the plant receive many gold medals and awards at international exhibitions?

4. Виконайте граматичну вправу на вживання багатозначних слів. Перекладіть з урахуванням багатозначності слів.

Corn is the third important feed grain in Ukraine. Planted area has increased despite several im-pediments: obsolete and inadequate harvesting equipment, high cost of production (specifically post-harvest drying expenses), and pilferage. The main production region is eastern and southern Ukraine, although precipitation amounts in some oblasts in the extreme south are too low to sup-

port corn production. Corn is typically planted in late April or early May. Harvest begins in late September and is usually nearing completion by early November. Only 25 to 50 percent of total corn area is harvested for grain; the rest is cut for silage, usually in August. (The USA corn esti-

mates refer to corn for grain only.) Corn is used chiefly for poultry and swine feed, and produc- tion and consumption have risen since 2000 concurrent with a rebound in poultry inventories.

Самостійне вивчення № 52

Тема: Машини для післязбиральної обробки зерна.. Багатозначність слів.

Мета: Ознайомити студентів з новою лексикою, тренувати їх у читанні тексту за професійним спрямуванням, усному мовленні, робота над граматикою.

Тривалість 90 хвилин

Вид заняття: самостійне

Література:

основна:

1.Ятель Г.П. «Англійська мова» с 221 ... 222

додаткова:

1.Інтернет- ресурси

Методичні вказівки:

1. Перекладіть нову лексику.

2. перекладіть текст українською “Harvesting and Storing Organic Grains”. 3. дайте відповіді на питання. 4. виконайте граматичну вправу на вживання багатозначних слів.

1. Перекладіть нову лексику. conventional crops, prohibited materials, to maintain the value, genetic (and pesticide) contami-

nation, worthwhile, a long-term approach, sanitize, cut into worms.

2. Перекладіть текст українською “Harvesting and Storing Organic Grains”

Harvesting and storing organic grain is a critical step in producing a high quality crop for sale. Organic grain crops are harvested with the same type of equipment and techniques as conventi-onal crops. If conventional crops are also harvested, the machines and hauling equipment (com-bines, augers, trucks, etc.) must be cleaned thoroughly between crops to prevent genetic and/or prohibited materials contamination and to maintain the value and identity of the organic crop. Also, if the harvesting, handling or storage equipment is not dedicated to organic, a maintenance log (cервісна книжка) should be kept to show that the equipment was thoroughly cleaned of conventional grain before harvesting organic grain. Transgenic technology (i.e. Bt corn or Ro-undup Ready soybeans) that contaminates the organic grain may cause the grain to be rejected by the buyer if it tests positive for these crops. To prevent genetic (and pesticide) contamination of organic grains, it is also a good idea to harvest the outside rows first, especially those neighbor-ing conventional crops, and treat them as conventional (harvest, store and sell as conventional grain). With organic grains, storage is often necessary as buyers cannot or will not buy a season’s grain at the time of harvest. Grain may need to be stored for a few months, or longer, until the buyer is ready and willing to take it. Often, prices for grain also increase in the months after harvest, ma- ing storage of organic grain even more worthwhile. Store organic grains at the proper moisture and temperature recommended for reducing disease and pest problems.

Handling Stored Grain

Stored-grain management is a long-term approach to maintaining post-harvest grain quality, minimizing inputs, and preserving the integrity of the grain storage system. To implement an ef-fective management program, you must understand the ecology of the storage system. Storage management must focus on the following factors: grain temperature, grain moisture, air moisture relative humidity (відносна вологість повітря), storage time.

An excellent preventative post-harvest grain management approach is the SLAM system (Sani-tize/Seal, Load, Aerate, and Monitor).

Sanitize/Seal Housekeeping – clean bin, aeration ducts, and auger trenches where insects thrive on dust and foreign material. Cleanup – clean up around the bin removing weeds, trash, and moldy grain. Seal bin – seal all openings to provide barrier protection again insect entry all locations below the roof eaves (карнизи даху).

Load

Load clean, dry grain - High levels of grain moisture increase the potential for high populations of stored-grain insects and molds. In North Carolina, corn that will be stored for more than 6 months should be dried to 13.5% moisture. Core the grain – this involves operating the unload auger to pull the peak down and remove the center core of the bin that contains most fines and small foreign matter. Spreading/Leveling grain – a level grain surface is easier to manage and less likely to change temperature during storage.

Aerate

Maintain grain temperature – Grain temperature should be below 60° F to control insects and mold. Grain temperatures should be reduced to the optimum storage level as early as possible following harvest and grain temperature should be managed by aeration of grain in the fall, win-ter, and early spring. The aeration time necessary to achieve 60° F will vary due to the airflow rates of the equipment used and ambient temperatures (температурах навколишнього середо-вища). Aeration can also reduce grain moisture content from ¼ to ½ percent during one aeration cycle. Use aeration to prevent moisture migration - In most grain bins, moisture migration occurs due to significant temperature differences that develop within the grain mass. These temperature dif-ferences are caused by changes in outside temperatures and humidity throughout the year and re-sult in changes in the equilibrium moisture of the grain. Operators must constantly monitor grain condition particularly during periods of temperature change (fall or spring) to determine how temperature differences are effecting moisture migration in the bin. Aeration can be used to equ-alize grain temperature and moisture throughout the bin.

Monitor

Use a grain thermometer to track grain temperature. Schedule regular grain sampling and monitoring Aeration/turning of hot spots when detected