5. Дайте відповіді на питання:

1. What do “all purpose” tractors do? 2. What happened in 1890 in America? 3. Where is tractor construction industry now highly developed? 4. What type of tractors has become common? 5. Is it convenient to use large tractors on small farms?

Самостійне вивчення № 36

Тема: : Класифікація та типи автомобілів. Дієприкметники: утворення та форми.

Мета: Ознайомити студентів з новою лексикою, тренувати їх у читанні тексту за професійним спрямуванням, усному мовленні, робота над граматикою.

Тривалість 45 хвилин

Вид заняття: самостійне

Література:

основна:

1. Верба Л.Г. «Граматика сучасної англійської мови» с 100 .. 102

додаткова:

1. Інтернет – ресурси

Методичні вказівки:

1. прочитайте нову лексику, напишіть транскрипцію та перекладіть. 2. перекладіть українською текст “Automobiles’ Classification”. 3. дайте відповіді на питання. 4. виконайте вправy на вживания Participle.

1. Прочитайте нову лексику, напишіть транскрипцію та перекладіть. propelling, a tremendous growth, power source, several attempts, gear ratios, clutch pedal, left hand drive automobile.

2. Перекладіть українською текст “Automobiles’ Classification”.

An automobile (or automotive) is a vehicle that is capable of propelling itself. Since sevente-enth century, several attempts have been made to design and construct a practically operative au-tomobile. Today, automobiles play an unimaginable role in the social, economic and industrial growth of any country. After the introduction of internal combustion engines, the Automobile in-dustry has seen a tremendous growth.

Classification of automobiles:

Automobiles can be classified into several types based on several criteria. A brief classification of automobiles is listed below:

1. Based on purpose: Passenger vehicles – These automobiles carry passengers – e.g: buses, passenger trains, cars. Goods vehicles – These vehicles are used for transportation of goods from one place to another. e.g: goods lorry, goods carrier.

2. Based on capacity:

Heavy Motor Vehicle (HMV) – Large and bulky motor vehicles – e.g: large trucks, buses. Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) – Small motor vehicles – e.g: cars, jeeps. Medium Vehicle – Relatively medium sized vehicles – e.g: small trucks, mini buses.

3. Based on fuel source:

Petrol engine vehicles – Automobiles powered by petrol engine – e.g: scooters, cars, mopeds, motorcycles. Diesel engine vehicles – Automotives powered by diesel engine – e.g: trucks, buses. Gas vehicles – Vehicles that use gas turbine as power source – e.g: turbine powered cars. Solar vehicles – Vehicles significantly powered by solar power – e.g: solar powered cars. Hydrogen vehicles – Vehicles that have hydrogen as a power source – e.g: Honda FCX Clarity. Electric vehicles – Automobiles that use electricity as a power source – e.g: electric cars, electric buses. Steam Engine Vehicles – Automotives powered by steam engine – e.g: steamboat, steam loco-motive, steam wagon. Hybrid Vehicles – Vehicles that use two or more distinct power sources – e.g: Hybrid buses, hybrid cars like Toyota Prius, Honda Insight Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) – Automobile that uses both Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Power Source to propel itself – e.g: Jaguar C-X75.

4. Based on type of transmission:

Automatic transmission vehicles – Automobiles that are capable of changing gear ratios automatically as they move – e.g: automatic transmission cars. Conventional transmission vehicles – Automotives whose gear ratios have to be changed manually. Semi-automatic transmission vehicles – Vehicles that facilitate manual gear changing with clutch pedal.

5. Based on number of wheels:

Two wheeler – Automobiles having two wheels – e.g: scooters, motorcycles. Three wheeler – Automotive having three wheels – e.g: tricycles, auto rickshaws, tempos. Four wheeler – Vehicle having four wheels – e.g: car, jeep. Six wheeler – Automobile having six wheels used for heavy transportation – e.g: large trucks, large buses.

6. Based on the side of drive:

Left hand drive automobile – Vehicle in which steering wheel is fitted on the left hand side – e.g: automobiles found in USA, Russia, and Ukraine. Right hand drive automobile - Vehicle in which steering wheel is fitted on the right hand side – e.g: automobiles found in India, Australia.

3. Дайте відповіді на питання. 1. How many types of automobiles’ classification based on several criteria do you know? 2. What types of automobile are the most harmful? 3. What type of automobiles is the best for environment?