1. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад безсполучникових підрядних речень:

1. Agricultural experts believe farms are growing in size and become less fertile year after ano-ther, and so their productivity we are so conscious of decreases сonsiderably. 2. Electricity is the kind of energy we need to drive supplementary farm machinery such as stem grinders and milking apparatuses farmers employ in field and in bam. 3. A large group of students believe many units of modern trailed and mounted equipment they study are far more efficient than those they see on their farms at home. 4. The program I am planning to implement in our region is a very promising one in terms of crop productivity.

2. Перекладіть речення із об’єктивним та суб’єктивним інфінітивними зворотами:

1. At present time introduction of the modem fodder processing installations is likely to be a hard work to do through financial difficulties of rural engineering services. 2. Previously employed grinders and churns are expected to be changed with modern and far more reliable ones. 3. Our university graduates are known to have become the most welcomed agricultural resource in terms of their professional competence. 4. In the past, twenty or thirty years British farmers have seen great progress take place in tractor drive system development. 5. We would appreciate these harvesting combines to be used wider in our fields to let our pro-duction go up by some 15 per cent.

3. Перекладіть речення, зверніть увагу на різне значення дієслів should та would.

1. In the design of automatic equipment and controls the design factors should be considered in the following order: function, reliability, compatibility, flexibility and visibility. 2. If we took a look of our agricultural past now, we should explain why farming as an industry has not reached a technological state as advanced as electronics and other highly promoted in-dustries. 3. To diesel engines that are low in their indicated power additional construction measures sho-uld be applied. 4. There are relatively few areas so much protected from desertification that melioration would not be profitable if it were provided at low cost.

4. Перекладіть українською текст “Tractors used in farming”

The history of tractor development is really long. The first use of an internal combustion engine in a tractor in the United States goes back as far as 1890. Today, tractor construction industry is highly developed in the USA, Great Britain and some other countries, a number of types of trac-tors being produced for doing various agricultural practices on soil and in the livestock barn, in-cluding wheeled and crawler ones.

In recent years the diesel engine has become the accepted power unit for all British tractors. The most important development is the increase of engine capacity. Wheeled tractors in the 100 horsepower (hp) class have been introduced by most of the British and other countries' tractor manufacturers, and are increasingly used.

But today a 200-300 hp tractor, like Fendt Farmer 300LS or John Deere 8850, is the main pow-er source for large farm operations in agriculturally advanced countries. With the increase in en- gine power, four-wheel-drive ones have become common. Large tractors tend to be used for a limited range of operations, the chief being tillage, combined tillage and sowing and yield har-vesting.

Most modem farm tractors are truly "all purpose", and they can operate a range of mounted, se-mi-mounted, and trailed implements and machines, and have hydraulic devices to provide easy and accurate control of the equipment from the tractor driver's seat. Among the typical operati-ons performed by the latest tractors there are plowing, cultivating, harrowing, sowing, harvesting and transporting agricultural crops, livestock and poultry feeds distribution, barn cleansing and others.

Inefficient machinery management turns to be a considerable problem too. Say, data of the re-search conducted in 2,000 show, that a good share of farmers in America, having large tractors, only use them 400 hours per year or even less, while smaller tractors are long proved and recom-mended to be in use 1,000 or more hours - and still doing good work. Farmers should not purс-hase larger tractors than they need, for heavier machines consume far more fuel, which makes them uneconomic.

It has now become normal practice to provide electric starting, lights and light sig-naling. Other developments that have rapidly become common include such items as multi-speed gear-boxes, power take-off (PTO), lock differential, power steering and various devices for transferring we-ight from mounted implements to the tractor's drive wheels.