4. Прочитайте інформацію про європейську підготовку фахівців у галузі меха-

нізації сільського господарства на прикладі університету в місті Русу (Болгарія) ( міжнародна програма обміну студентами “Eramus”).

Business Card of the Department

The department was first established in 1954. As it developed further some reorganization took place in 2002 and the Department of Agricultural Machines and the Department of Integrated Mechanization and Processing Lines in Agriculture joined to form the present Department of Agricultural Machinery. The department is accredited to teach students at Bachelor and Master’s level as well as at PhD level.

The department carries out research in the following fields:

• Design, research and development of new machines, systems and technologies for agriculture and livestock breeding:

• Mechanization and automation of processes in soil – cultivating, sowing, harvesting and storage of agricultural and livestock products:

• Research, simulation modeling and environmental aspects of agricultural production:

• Selection, reproduction and health of cattle, poultry and bees;

• Application of statistical methods in agriculture and agricultural machines.

The students taking Agricultural Machinery and Agricultural Engineering degree courses at the department are encouraged to actively participate in research carried out by the department and to acquire additional knowledge and skills in their specific professional fields of study.

The teaching staff of the department is involved in various international educational and rese-arch programs such as TEMPUS, ERASMUS, the Framework Programme of the European Community and NFNI. Within these programs students can be trained at various leading univer-sities in Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Sweden and other countries.

5. Дайте відповіді на питання:

1. What is the name of the department?

2. What is the department accredited?

3. What research is carried?

6.Виконайте письмове завдання по вживанню інфінітиву. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. To harvest various crops is the main task of a combine. 2. The main purpose of the specialty Agricultural Machinery and Technologies is to prepare qualified specialists who can work in private and cooperative farms. 3. The main aim of the Agricultural Engineering degree course is to prepare specialists in different fields of agriculture – crop – growing, livestock – breeding and agricultural equipment.

Самостійне вивчення № 32

Тема: Двигуни внутрішнього згоряння. Інфінітив.

Мета: Ознайомити студентів з новою лексикою, тренувати їх у читанні тексту за професійним спрямуванням, усному мовленні, робота над граматикою.

Тривалість 90 хвилин

Вид заняття: самостійне

Література:

основна:

1. Верба Л.Г. «Граматика сучасної англійської мови» с 85… 87.

2. Бородіна Г.І. « Англійська мова» с 7 … 14

додаткова:

1. словники.

2. Красинская М.С. «Учебник английского языка» с 20 .. 23

3. Коваленко В.Е. « English» с 196 … 197

Методичні рекомендації:

1. вивчіть нову лексику.

2. прочитайте та перекладіть текст «The Internal Combustion Engine».

3. дайте відповіді на питання.

4. виконайте письмові завдання з граматики на вживання інфінітиву.

1.Вивчіть нову лексику.

ascend [ə’send] - підніматися ascent [ə’sent] - підйом charge [ʧa: ʤ]- заряд convert [kən’v ə:t] - перетворювати descend [di’send]- опускати descent [di’sent] - спуск explode – вибухати ( про газ) explosive [iks’plousive] - горюча суміш, вибуховий ignite [i g’nait] – запалювати inlet – впускний latent power – потенційна енергія push down [‘puʃ’dɑun] – штовхати refine - очищувати spark [spa: k]- іскра sparkling plug – запальна свіча suction [‘sʌkʃn] - всмоктування when all the work is extracted from the gas – коли газ віддає усю енергію the piston is near the top of its stroke - поршень знаходиться у верхній мертвій точці

2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст “The Internal Combustion Engine”

It is known that for a long time scientists were looking for ways of converting fuel directly into power. As a result, they invented internal combustion engine in which the fuel is converted directly into power within engine’s cylinder.

The method of turning refined petrol into power is as follows: the petrol is stored in the tank, which is connected by a small diameter pipe to the carburetor – a device for turning it into gas and mixing it with air in the correct proportions. The carburetor is attached to the inlet pipe. The explosive petrol – air mixture is sucked into the engine’s cylinder through the inlet pipe and, at the correct instant, is exploded by an electric spark inside the cylinder at the point of the sparkl-ing plug.

When all the work is attracted from the gas, the exhaust valve opens and the burnt gas escapes through the exhaust pipe into the air. The problem is to convert the latent power of the gas in the inlet pipe into the power of the gas in the inlet pipe into the power which will be driving a car.

When the pistons near the top of its stroke it descends and the gas is being sucked into the engi- ne pasts the open inlet valve. This is the first phase of the cylinder. It is called the suction or in- duction stroke because the gas is being sucked into the cylinder.

When the piston reaches the bottom of the stroke, the inlet valve closes. Now the cylinder is filled with clean explosive gas and the piston begins to ascend to the top of the cylinder. This is the second or compression stroke, so called because the gas is being compressed.

The pressure of the gas within the cylinder immediately rises and the piston is pushed down with considerable force. It is the force which drives the car, and the third stroke is called the “po-wer” or “firing”.

As the piston descends, the gas pressure falls and when the piston is near the lower end of its stroke, there is a little pressure left in the cylinder. When the piston is at the bottom of its stroke the exhaust valve begins to open and the burnt gas rushes past the open exhaust valve into the exhaust pipe. During its ascent the piston is pumping the exhaust gas out of the cylinder. This is the fourth and final stroke of the cycle, and it is known as the exhaust stroke because the burnt gas is being exhausted out of the cylinder. When the piston reaches the top of the stroke, the exhaust valve closes and the cycle of operations is completed.