Страдательный залог. (Passive voice).

Когда в центре внимания говорящего находится лицо или предмет, который подвергается действию, или когда нет необходимости упоминать лицо, совершающее действие, глагол употребляется в страдательном залоге:

Many students discussed this question. (Active Voice.) – This question was discussed by many students. (Passive Voice.)

Страдательный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и третьей основной формы смыслового глагола (Participle II). to be + Participle II

This country is washed by many seas.

В отрицательной форме частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола: to be + not + Participle II

This country is not washed by many seas.

В вопросительной форме страдательного залога вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

to be + subject + Participle II

Is this country washed by many seas?

When was this monument built?

Временные формы страдательного залога употребляются согласно тем же правилам, что и соответствующие им временные формы действительного залога.

	Active Voice	Passive Voice
The Present Simple tense	V1	am/is/are + V3
The Past Simple tense	V2	was/were + V3
The Future Simple tense	shall/will + V1	shall/will + be + V3
The Present Continuous tense	am/is/are + Ving	am/is/are + being + V3
The Past Continuous tense	was/were + Ving	was/were + being + V3
The Future Continuous tense	shall/will + be + Ving	-
The Present Perfect tense	have/has + V3	have/has + been + V3
The Past Perfect tense	had + V3	had + been + V3
The Future Perfect tense	shall/will + have + V3	shall/will + have + been + V3

	Present	Past	Future
Simple	am / are / is taken	was / were taken	shall be / will be taken
Continuous	am / are / is being taken	was / were being taken	---
Perfect	have / has been taken	had been taken	shall have/ will havebeen taken

Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

1) The post is delivered every morning. 2) He is often sent parcels. 3) Coffee is imported from Brazil. 4) Those paintings were sold for 500 pounds each. 5) That is a good book. It was written by George Orwell. 6) The letter will be sent tomorrow. 7) The gob will be advertised in the morning paper tomorrow. 8) I was often invited to his place. 9) I was asked to do it. 10) She is often sent postcards.

Exercise 2.Use the verbs in brackets in Present, Past or Future Simple Passive.

1) My question (to answer) yesterday. 2) Hockey (to play) in winter. 3) Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn. 4) Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 5) His new book (to finish) next year. 6) Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 7) St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. 8) Bread (to eat) every day. 9) The letter (to receive) yesterday. 10) Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 11) I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 12) I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 13) Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 14) This work (to do) tomorrow. 15) This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 16) These trees (to plant) last autumn. 17) Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons. 18) This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 19) We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 20) Lost time never (to find) again. 21) Rome (not to build) in a day.

Exercise 3.Supply the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1) At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau. 2) She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. 3) The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 4) Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift. 5) You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloak-room downstairs. 6) They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 7) From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 8) Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the RussianMuseum.

Exercise 3.Change the sentences from active voice into passive one.

1) Irene’s husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south. 2) The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3) Mr. Wilson will teach you English. 4) The doctor ordered me a month’s rest from studying. 5) Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday. 6) Our mother tells us stories every evening. 7) Lydia will show you a new book of pictures. 8) A boy showed her a way. 9) They will send us a box of fruit. 10) Five or six small children followed them. 11) In summer the boys often drive the horses to the fields. 12) Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest. 13) The waves carried the boat away. 14) We shall do translation in the evening. 15) They water the flowers regularly. 16) You promised me these books long ago. 17) Bessie’s father gave her a complete set of Walter Scott’s works. 18) A marble pavillion protects the house. 19) The boys will paint the roof of the house. 20) Tom Sawyer whitewashed the fence. 21) Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

Exercise 4.Change the sentences from active voice into passive one.

1) They looked for the girl everywhere. 2) They did not listen to the boy. 3) She looks after the patients well. 4) They asked for our address. 5) My father looked through these papers this morning. 6) He will give my brother English lessons. 7) A friend of his has shown me an interesting magazine. 8) His friend told him everything. 9) The students greeted a famous lecturer warmly. 10) They have recently built a huge plant in the town of N. 11) When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor. 12) They showed Helen the nearest way to the theatre. 13) He gave his patient some good advice. 14) Mary has told me the news. 15) The people looked at the little boy with interest. 16) They examined the paper attentively.

Exercise 5.Change the sentences from passive voice into active one.Use any suitable nouns.

1) The room was cleaned and aired. 2) Have all these books been read? 3) Whom were these letters written by? 4) The letter has just been typed. 5) She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6) I shall not be allowed to go there. 7) He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now. 8) All the questions were answered. 9) The door has been left opened. 10) Betty was met at the station. 11) The girl was not allowed to go to the concert. 12) She said that the new timetable had not yet been hung up on the notice board. 13) The chicken was eaten with appetite. 14) The light has not yet been turned off. 15) The boy was punished for misbehaving. 16) By three o’clock everything had been prepared. 17) The dictation was written without mistakes. 18) Whom was the poem written by? 19) Her dress was washed and ironed. 20) I was not blamed for the mistakes. 21) The papers had been looked through and corrected by the next lesson. 22) This house was built last year. 23) The letter has just been sent. 24) This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday. 25) When will this book be returned to the library?