- •Введение
- •Part I focus 1 position of adjectives
- •Focus 2 suffixes and prefexes
- •Focus 3 gradable and ungradable adjectives
- •Focus 4 the order of adjectives in sentences
- •Focus 5 comparison
- •Focus 6 participial adjectives
- •Focus 8 adjectives without nouns
- •Focus 9 compound adjectives
- •Focus 10 adverbs
- •Focus 11 position of adverbs
- •Focus 12 adverbs and adjectives
- •Focus 13 degree adverbs
- •Focus 14 comment adverbs, viewpoint adverbs, focus adverbs
- •Focus 15 comparative and superlative adverbs
- •Part 2 test yourself
- •Test 2
- •Part 3 adjective Formation of adjectives
- •Types of adjectives
- •Order of adjectives
- •Position of adjectives
- •Predicative Adjectives
- •Attributive Adjectives
- •Adjectives that can change in meaning before a noun or after «be»
- •Substantivized adjectives
- •(A native, a relative, a black, a white, a saint, a patient, a savage, a Liberal, a Conservative, a Republican, a Democrat, a noble, a private, a Catholic, a Christian)
- •Partially substantivized adjectives
- •(A rich man, a sick person)
- •The English – two Englishmen/women, three Swiss, etc.
- •Participial adjectives
- •A very convincing example
- •Degrees of Comparison
- •A Higher Degree
- •The formation of comparative and superlative.
- •Irregular Comparison
- •Further – the furthest (with reference to distance, abstract notions, to denote “another” “additional”
- •Position of comparatives
- •More and More than
- •How significant a role did he play in your life?
- •It was like a dream
- •Same as
- •Other prepositions
- •The better the joke (is), the louder the laugh(is). The longer Sue stays in Canada, the less likely she will ever go back to England.
- •It almost seems that the more expensive the wedding, the shorter the marriage!
- •Adjectives used with the pronoun one/ones
- •Function Adverbs may function either as adverbials or as modifiers.
- •Comparison
- •Comparison at the same degree is formed by the folllowing:
- •Modification of Comparatives and superlatives
- •The Difference in meaning
- •The adverb deep means “far down or in.”
- •Adjectives or Adverbs? (Confusing cases)
- •Types of adverbs
- •6. Interrogative and conjunctive adverbs.
- •The Position of Adverbs
- •Adverbs of manner
- •Adverbs of place
- •3) Adverbs of time
- •4. Adverbs of frequency
- •6. Focusing adverbs
- •7. Adverbs of degree
- •246019, Г. Гомель, ул. Советская, 104
- •246019, Г. Гомель, ул. Советская, 104
Focus 3 gradable and ungradable adjectives
Gradable adjectives can be used with adverbs such as very or extremely to say that a thing or person has more or less of a particular quality.
Ungradable adjectives imply “to a large degree” and are seldom used with these adverbs. Instead we can use adverbs such as absolutely or totally.
Gradable adjectives
extremely, deeply, fairly, hugely, angry, big, busy, comfortable, common,
immensely, pretty, rather, really, happy, important, quiet,, rich, strong,
reasonably, slightly, very young
Ungradable adjectives
absolutely, completely, entirely, amazed, awful, dreadful, furious
entirely, pretty, really, simply, totally, huge, impossible, invaluable, terrible,
utterly wonderful, useless
She was extremely rich.
Our teacher gave us a completely impossible problem to solve.
EXERCISES
Ex.1 Suggest an appropriate adverb to complete each sentence.
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Ex.2 Use an adverb + adjective in your response.
Example: A friend of mine said she had just won a thousand dollars. - I was absolutely delighted.
Ann told me that she was emigrating to Australia. –
Someone broke a window in my house. –
A handsome man told me that I was very beautiful. –
Mary lost some airline tickets she had just bought. –
My friend has grown very beautiful flowers. –
Focus 4 the order of adjectives in sentences
When we use more than one adjective before a noun, there is often a preferred order for these adjectives.
Opinion + physical quality + shape + age = colour + participle adjectives + origin + material + type + purpose + noun
For example: an old plastic container, a hard red ball, a frightening Korean mask, a round biscuit tin, a small broken plate, a useful digital alarm clock.
Gradable adjectives (describing opinion, size, quality, shape, and age) usually precede ungradable adjectives (participle adjective and adjectives describing origin, material, type and purpose).
When two gradable adjectives come before the noun, we can put either a comma or and between them.
an attractive, big garden
an attractive and big garden
Two color adjectives have and between them.
Sweden’s yellow and blue flag.
Two unfradable adjectives have and between them if they are from the same class, but and is not used if they are from different classes.
Financial and political conditions
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For more information see the corresponding topic in Part II.
EXERCISES
Ex.1 Put the following adjectives and nouns in the correct order to create a sentence.
ugly/plastic/old/table
She inherited an ... from her aunt.
leather/black/jacket/smart
She was wearing a ... yesterday.
window/oval/magnificent/stained glass
There is a ... in this church.
4. cream cakes/round/large/three
She prepared ... for the party.
5.children/two/charming/little/Japanese
I met ... in the park.
Ex.2 Rewrite each description in the right order.
city: Belgian, beautiful, little
club: jazz, local, modern
dinner: excellent, cold, French
buildings: modern, industrial, concrete
dress: evening, red, silk, new
eyes: narrow, colourless, ugly
frame: flat, gold, huge
furniture: old, lovely, comfortable
ink: drawing, Swiss, good
Jacket: sport, leather, stylish
squares: brick, little, ancient
boots: French, sky, leather
tie: blue, woolen, modern
trousers: cotton, grey, old, ugly
trunks: black, nylon, swimming
Ex. 3 Put the following into the correct order.
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suede / Italian / new / red / soft / shoes
elderly / tall / Frenchman
oval / Venetian / ancient / valuable / glass
shiny / large / expensive / brown / leather / case
square / wooden / old / nice / table
modern / stone / large / beautiful / cottage
porcelain / tea / blue / thin / old / cup
young / blonde / handsome / tall / man
old / several / English / beautiful / castles
10) pretty / French / young / a lot of / girls
11) dark blue / best / silk / my / shirt
12) young / many / factory / German / workers
Ex. 4 Put the adjectives given in the correct order in these sentences
1. French, small
Her family ran a ... ... restaurant in the theatrical district of the city.
2. green, small
His ... ... eyes were surrounded by many wrinkles.
3.French, wistful
I sang her a ... ... ballad.
4. soft, yellow
The small lamp on the table made a ... ... glow all around her.
5. huge, gilt
... ... earrings dangled from her ears.
6.woolen, white
The baby was tightly wrapped in a ... ... shawl.
7.Chinese, young
Karen had made friends with some ... ... girls.
8.long, unbroken
In the ... ... silence which followed she realized that he had fallen asleep.
9.check, old, pink
A potted plant stood on the ... ... ... cloth
Ex. 5 Put the adjectives in brackets in the most appropriate order.
1. Mine’s the ... car (blue, Japanese, small)
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3. I’ve just bought a ... table (beautiful, coffee, wooden)
4. Their ... forces soon overcame the invasion ( combined, military, powerful)
5. Have you seen this ... invention? (fantastic, German, new)
6. There was a ... rug 0n the floor (soft, wonderful, wooden)
7. She gave me a ... box (jewellery, metal, small, square)
Writ and between the adjectives if possible.
8. Cycling is a(n) ... activity (outdoor, popular)
9. They live in ... houses (mud, straw)
10. He was a ... doctor (famous, medical)
11. There was an ... meeting (important, urgent)
12. I’ve just finished a ... novel (boring, depressing)
Note: The order of predicative adjectives is less fixed than the order before a noun. We usually use and before the last adjective. Adjectives expressing an opinion often come last.
The city is old and beautiful.
We can use but when two qualities are in contrast.
The solution is cheap but effective.