II. Participle II as an adverbial modifier:

a) of time.

Participle II is introduced by the conjunction when, till, until.

• When questioned, you should answer. Когда вас спрашивают, следует отвечать.

• When questioned, he suddenly burst into tears. (=When he was questioned, he suddenly burst into tears.)

• She won’t stop arguing until interrupted.

• The car was stolen while parked in the street.

• He spoke when spoken to. (=He spoke when he was spoken to.)

• He is very affable when spoken to, but naturally silent. (affable - приветливый; вежливый, любезный)

• When left to herself, she spent her time reading.

b) of condition.

Participle II is introduced by the conjunctions if, unless.

• If asked, I will keep silent about it. (=If I am asked, I will keep silent about it.) Если меня спросят, я буду молчать об этом.

• It was clear for him that he would win if given a chance. (=It was clear for him that he would win if he was given a chance.)

• He did not usually utter a word unless spoken to.

• If sent immediately, the telegram will certainly be delivered by eight o’clock.

• Even if posted now, the letter could not reach John till Monday.

• I shall certainly give evidence on your behalf if required.

• John will speak for hours unless interrupted.

• If asked about my plans, please say that I’ll spend my holiday in town.

• If accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month. (=If I am accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month.

c) of comparison.

Participle II is introduced by the conjunctions as if or as though.

• We stood motionless as if depressed by something. (=We stood motionless as if we were depressed by something.) Мы стояли неподвижно, как-будто были подавлены чем-то.

• I looked at him as if surprised to see him there. (=I looked at him as if I were surprised to see him there.

• “Does he know it?” said David Rubin, as though surprised.

• “I’ll get off the train,” he repeated as if hypnotized.

• She continued staring at the screen as if fascinated by the first sight of television.

d) of concession.

Participle II is introduced by the conjunction though, although.

• Though tired, he tried to smile. (= Though he was tired, he tried to smile.)

• Though impressed by the news, she didn’t show it.

• Though frightened, he carried it off very well. Хотя он и испугался, но не показал вида.

• The dress was not hopelessly damaged though badly stained in one or two places.

• Although intended to be a nice surprise, the party was not what I wanted at all. (=Although the party was intended to be a nice surprise, it was not what I wanted at all.)

• Though asked in disarming sociability, his question was loaded. (loaded – веский, некорректный, поставленный с целью получить определённый ответ; содержащий более глубокое значение, чем кажется)

e) of cause.

• He kept silent for a moment surprised by my question.

• He fell asleep exhausted by his journey.

• Sent to the wrong address, the letter didn’t reach him. Так как письмо было отправлено по неверному адресу, оно не дошло до него.

III. Participle II as a predicative.

In this function Participle II denotes a state.

• He was greatly impressed by the story.

• I didn’t feel inclined for guessing-games.

• I couldn’t get used to things changing like this.

• Jim got too depressed to listen to their talk.

• He seemed interested.

• His coat was dirty and torn.

• The window remained closed.

• He felt thoroughly disappointed.

• The poor woman sat amazed.