
- •S. Seiffulin kazakh agro technical university
- •Astana 2011
- •Introduction
- •Exercises
- •Cause damage hold invite make overtake show surround translate write
- •5. Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past.
- •6. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.
- •7. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody, they, people etc., write a passive sentence.
- •Passive Voice
- •Perfect infinitive
- •Present continuous
- •Sources of food
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate these interesting facts about food into your own language
- •6. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody or they etc., write a passive sentence.
- •7. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive.
- •Food from animals
- •Exercises
- •2. Make 10 test questions with 5 answers about this text and try to use Passive Voice
- •3. Retell the text
- •4. Find the right answer Test . Passive Voice
- •Unit 2 Text: The food of the Nomad Grammar: Question tags
- •Exercises
- •I. Choose the right variant
- •II. Make five questions about this text
- •2. Put a question tag on the end of these sentences
- •3 Read the situation and write a sentence with a question tag. In each situation you are asking your friend to agree with you.
- •4 In these situations you are asking for information, asking people to do things etc.
- •Exercises
- •1. Rewrite the sentences using Reported speech
- •2. Retell the text using reported speech
- •3. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Steve. You hadn’t seen him for a long time. Here are some of the things Steve said to you:
- •Exercises
- •The following sentences are direct speech. Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.
- •Here are some things that Sarah said to you:
- •Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time
- •The following sentences are direct speech
- •Reported Speech
- •Exercises
- •1. Write 10 questions about this text
- •3. Make a new sentence from the question in brackets.
- •4 You are making a phone call. You want to speak to Sue, but she isn't there. Somebody else answers the phone. You want to know three things:
- •Grammar Reported Speech (questions)
- •Grammar Revision. Passive Voice, Question tags, Reported Speech
- •I variant
- •II variant
- •III variant
- •IV variant
- •Unit 4 Text: The food industry
- •The food industry
- •Exercises
- •Translate the text into your own language and learn by heart the new words.
- •Now answer these questions:
- •Complete each sentence with one of the following verbs (in the correct form): answer apply be forget listen live lose make read try use
- •Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the first sentence. Use -ing.
- •Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use -ing.
- •Unit 5 Text: History of Chocolate
- •Short History of Chocolate
- •Exercises
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Now answer these questions
- •Look at the picture and write what you see and how it has been made. Use gerund or infinitive.
- •Food processing. Translate the text into your own language
- •Food packaging. Read and retell the text.
- •Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.
- •Put the verb into the correct form, to ... Or -ing.
- •Make a new sentence using the verb in brackets.
- •Unit 6 Text: Food transportation and food marketing
- •Food transportation
- •Grammar:
- •(I want you to ... Etc.) want ask help would like
- •Make and let
- •Exercises:
- •2. Complete each second sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.
- •Unit 7 Text: Problems with frozen foods
- •Problems with frozen foods
- •1 Put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to ... . Sometimes either form is possible.
- •2 Here is some information about Tom when he was a child.
- •3 Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, -ing or to ... .
- •Enjoy finish imagine admit avoid feel like (infml) (don't)mind can't stand give up deny
- •Manage refuse promise offer
- •Exercises:
- •1. Underline the correct word(s). Be careful: in two sentences, both possibilities are correct.
- •2 Complete part (c) of each sentence in a suitable way, starting with a verb.
- •3 Read the story and answer the questions below.
- •Unit 8 Text: Interesting Facts about British Food Grammar: Conditional sentence 1
- •Exercises:
- •1 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. All the sentences are about the future. Use Will/won't or the present simple (I see / he plays / it is etc.).
- •2 Make one sentence from two:
- •3 Read the situations and complete the sentences.
- •4 Put in when or if.
- •Translate the text into your own language
- •Interesting Facts about British Food: English Pub Food
- •English Cream Teas
- •Unit 9 Text: 10 Poisonous Foods we like to eat Grammar: Conditional sentence 2 (If I knew ... I wish I knew ...)
- •Exercises:
- •1 Put the verb into the correct form.
- •2 Write a sentence with if ... For each situation.
- •Write sentences beginning I wish ... .
- •4 Write your own sentences beginning I wish ... .
- •Potatoes
- •Tomatoes
- •Almonds
- •Cherries
- •Mushrooms
- •Elderberry
- •Rhubarb
- •Castor Oil
- •Pufferfish
- •Unit 10 Text: Discover a few interesting facts that You May Not Know. Grammar: Conditional sentence 3 (If I had known I wish I had known)
- •Grammar: Conditional sentence (3)
- •If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to see you.
- •Exercises:
- •1 Put the verb into the correct form.
- •2 For each situation, write a sentence beginning with If.
- •3 Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish.
- •4. Translate the sentences into your own language.
- •Interesting Food Facts
- •Unit 11 Text: History of Tomatoes Grammar: Phrasal verbs: form and meaning
- •1 Complete the phrasal verbs. Remember to put the verb into the correct form.
- •2 Complete these sentences in a logical way.
- •3 Look at the dictionary entry for 'go off, and match the meanings with the sentences below.
- •4 Correct any mistakes with word order in these sentences. Be careful: some are correct.
- •5 Make these texts more informal by changing the underlined verbs to phrasal verbs.
- •6 Fill the gaps to complete the phrasal verbs in these sentences.
- •7 Complete these sentences in a logical way.
- •History of Tomatoes
- •Revision for all materials
- •1 Variant
- •2 Variant
- •3 Variant
- •4 Variant
- •5 Variant
- •6 Variant
- •7 Variant
- •Additional texts Texts for reading and retelling popcorn
- •Popcorn Balls
- •The Healthy Eating Pyramid includes the following: Whole Grains
- •Healthy Fats and Oils
- •Vegetables and Fruits
- •Nuts, Seeds, Beans, and Tofu
- •Fish, Poultry, and Eggs
- •Dairy (1 to 2 Servings Per Day) or Vitamin d/Calcium Supplements
- •Use Sparingly: Red Meat and Butter
- •Multivitamin with Extra Vitamin d (For Most People)
- •Optional: Alcohol in Moderation (Not for Everyone)
- •Kazakhstan’s cuisine
- •Food and drink
- •Food and drink based on milk
- •Dishes from cereals
- •Cold first courses
- •Hot first courses
- •Second courses
- •Bread and pasta
- •Desserts
- •Meals in Britain (1)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Meals in Britain (2)
- •British Cuisine
- •Questions:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Spirits in Ireland
- •Questions:
- •Traditional American Food
- •The Story of “McDonald's” and “Coca-Cola”
- •World Food Kazakhstan: a Focus on the Food Industry
- •About Kazakhstan trade recovering in kazakhstan
- •A review of the food and beverage market in kazakhstan
- •Kazakhstan to Launch Its Own Infant Food Production
- •Kazakhstan to Develop Winemaking
- •Source: Kazakhstan Today
- •Kazakhstan: a 200-Hectare Food Terminal Being Built Near Astana
- •Halal-Industry Association Established in Kazakhstan
- •Second Record Bumper Harvest over Last Five Years in Kazakhstan – About 21 Million Tons in Store – Nazarbayev
- •Examination tests test-1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Bibliograhpy
- •Content
Exercises
The following sentences are direct speech. Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.
My mother said to me, “Eat a lot of meat”.
“Do not cook foods over an open fire”, I said to Azat.
“Do not make me eat raw food”, my sister said to the doctor.
People in numerous countries enjoy bananas from Ecuador
Here are some things that Sarah said to you:
I have never been to the United States
I don’t have any brothers or sisters
I can’t drive
I don’t like fish
Jane has a very well-paid job
I am working tomorrow evening
Jane is a friend of mine
Dave is lazy
But later Sarah says something different to you. What do you say?
Sarah |
You |
Dave works very hard |
But you said he was lazy |
Let’s have fish for dinner |
|
I’m going to buy a car |
|
Jane is always short of money |
|
My sister lives in Paris |
|
I think New York is a great place |
|
Let’s go out tomorrow evening |
|
I have never spoken to Jane |
|
Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time
Ann said goodbye to me and left
… us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?
Don’t just stand there. … something.
I wonder where sue is. She … she would be here at 8 o’clock
Dan … me that he was bored with his job
The doctor … that I should rest for at least a week
Don’t … anybody what I … . It’s a secret just between us
Did she … you what happened? No, she didn’t … anything to me
Gary couldn’t help me. He … me to ask Caroline
Gary couldn’t help me. He … to ask Caroline
The following sentences are direct speech
Don’t wait for me if I’m late
Mind your own business
Don’t worry, Sue
Please slow down!
Can you open your bag, please?
Could you get a newspaper?
Hurry up!
Will you marry me?
Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?
Now choose one of these to complete each of the sentences below. Use reported speech.
Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to hurry up
Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked ……………………………
Sue was nervous about the situation. I told ………………………
I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I …………………………….
The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and ……………..
Tom was going to the shop, so I …………………………………
The man started asking me personal questions, so I …………….
John was very much in love with Mary, so he ………………….
I didn’t want to delay Helen, so I ……………………………….
Reported Speech
The past simple (did/saw/knew etc.) can usually stay the same in reported speech, or you can change it to the past perfect (had done / had seen / had known etc.):
direct Paul said: 'I woke up feeling ill, so I didn't go to work.'
reported Paul said (that) he woke up feeling ill, so he didn't go to work. or Paul said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn't gone to work.
It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. If you report something and the situation hasn't changed, you do not need to change the verb to the past: direct Paul said, 'My new job is very interesting.' reported
Paul said that his new job is very interesting.
(The situation hasn't changed. His job is still interesting.) direct Helen said, ’ want to go to New York next year.’
reported Helen told me that she wants to go to New York next year. (Helen still wants to go to New York next year.) You can also change the verb to the past:
Paul said that his new job was very interesting. Helen told me that she wanted to go to New York next year. But if you are reporting a finished situation, you must use a past verb:
Paul left the room suddenly. He said he had to go. {not has to go) You need to use a past form when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. For example: You met Sonia a few days ago. She said: 'Joe *s in hospital.' (direct speech) Later that day you meet Joe in the street. You say: 'I didn't expect to see you, Joe. Sonia said you were in hospital.' (not 'Sonia said you are in hospital', because clearly he is not)
Say and tell
If you say who somebody is talking to, use tell:
Sonia told me that you were in hospital, (not Sonia said me) What did you tell the police? (not say the police)
Otherwise use say:
SAY SOMEBODY
Sonia said that you were in hospital, (not Sonia told that ...)
What did you say?
But you can 'say something to somebody':
Ann said goodbye to me and left, (not Ann said me goodbye)
What did you say to the police?
Tell/ask somebody to do something
We also use the infinitive (to do / to stay etc.) in reported speech, especially with tell and ask (for orders and requests):
direct 'Stay in bed for a few days,' the doctor said to me.
reported The doctor told me to stav in bed for a few days.
direct 'Don't shout,' I said to Jim.
reported I told Jim not to shout.
direct 'Please don't tell anybody what happened,' Jackie said to me. reported Jackie asked me not to tell anybody what (had) happened. You can also say 'Somebody said (not) to do something': Jackie said not to tell anyone, (but not Jackie said me)
Unit 3(c)
Grammar: Reported speech (question)
Text: Why diets differ around the world (part 2)
Why diets differ around the world (part 2)
Economic
reasons.
The variety and amount of food that people have to eat depend largely
on their country’s economy. But even in the richest countries, some
people cannot afford a good diet. Others simply choose to eat foods
that are not nourishing. But some people in the poorest countries
have a well-balanced diet.
Most developed countries can produce all the food their people need, or the countries can afford to import the extra necessary supplies. The farmers use modern machinery and scientific methods to increase their production. Developed countries also have modern facilities to process, transport, and store food.
In highly developed countries, most families can afford to buy a variety of foods, and they are more likely to have a well-balanced diet. Their diet is rich in meat, eggs, and dairy products. They also eat large amounts of grain products and of fresh and preserved fruits and vegetables. They also enjoy the convenience of prepared or ready-to-cook food at home.
Most developing countries seldom produce enough food for all their people. In addition, the countries cannot import the extra supplies they need. Many farmers are too poor to buy fertilizers, machinery, and other materials that would increase their output. Developing countries also lack modern facilities for processing, transporting, and storing food.
In some developing nations, many people suffer from an inadequate diet. They also too poor to buy all the food they need or a wide variety of foods. Millions of families depend on the foods they can produce themselves on small plots of lands. Grains and other carbohydrates are the main foods of the majority of people in most developing countries. These foods are the least costly to produce or buy, and they require no refrigeration or other special storage. Meat, milk, and eggs are too expensive for most people. Many families bake their own bread and make most other foods from the basic ingredients. They might even grind grain into flour to make bread.
Religious reasons. Many religions have rules that deal with food. Some religions do not permit their members to eat certain foods. Hindus do not eat beef because cattle are considered sacred. Some groups of Hindus are forbidden to eat any meat. Orthodox Jews do not eat pork, shellfish, and certain other foods. They also follow strict dietary laws regarding the storing, preparing and serving of food.
Some religions set aside certain days for fasting and feasting. Muslims may not eat or drink from dawn to sunset during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic year. They celebrate Ramadan’s end with a feast.